Human immunodeficiency virus, also known as “HIV,” is a family of retroviruses that can cause viral diseases known as HIV infections that attack the immune system, causing organ failure and shortening life expectancy. HIV was first discovered in the blood of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, a lymphoma tumor seen in patients with AIDS (acquired immune syndrome). In 1983, it became clear that HIV is a pathogen that is transmitted between people through unprotected sexual contact. Following this discovery, extensive research into the virus began, and we now know quite a lot about it.