Intracellular Fluid

Cell sap is the internal environment of a cell in the form of a viscous, colorless liquid. It consists of water, minerals and organic substances. The liquid phase of the cell is called intracellular, or intranuclear, called cytoplasm. It is a product of the vital activity of all structural components of the cell. The liquid ensures the movement of ions and metabolites, participates in protein synthesis, cellular digestion, processing and removal of end products of cell activity and transmission of external stimuli, especially light. The functions of the components of intracellular fluids significantly depend on the properties of the individual components and their concentration. Water as a solvent plays an important role both inside the cell and in the process of life itself and the maintenance of biological processes. Water is part of most organic and inorganic compounds, and also performs the function of conducting nerve impulses and is a good solvent for some compounds (including enzymatic preparations). Inside the cell there are organic solutes, which include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids, water, and pigments. These elements are found in all intracellular fluids. Proteins and nucleic acids are synthesized and function as components of supramolecular structures - membranes. Protein components perform specific functions, providing catalysis of basic biological processes in the cell (such as photosynthesis, respiration, ion transport), and nucleic components act as a matrix for the synthesis of functional proteins. Due to the presence of the pigment - chlorophyll, green plants are a source of energy for animals. Mineral solutes are included in the composition of cell sap as an integral part. An example of such solvents are various inorganic ions (Cl-, Na+, K+, etc.), as well as some biologically important organic components, such as amino acids and vitamins. An exchange occurs between the various components of the internal environment of the cell, facilitating the transformation of one type of substance into another. Phosphorus is present in phospholipids and nucleotides, the functions of which are related to the metabolism of cell biomass. Nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sodium are present in nucleic acids, proteins, mucous fluid, and other structures inside the cell. Iron is part of hemoglobin, respiratory enzymes, and membrane lipids. Cell sap, in its function of transporting substances, retains the ability to support the natural biochemical processes of the cell. The main part of the cell sap is located outside the membrane, penetrating into all parts deep in the cytoplasm. Just like all other secretions, cell sap is transported through cracks or spaces and is a means of transmitting regulators of cellular activity from one cell to another. The main metabolites to be transferred are organic acids (mainly amino) and calcium phosphate, nitrogenous substances. Features of the transport system