Hurthle Cell Adenoma

Hürthle cell adenoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm of the glandular cells of the thyroid gland that occurs due to mutations in the TCF7L2 and BAZ1B genes. This tumor is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during thyroid screening. However, in some cases, symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, enlarged neck, compression of the larynx and hemoptysis may occur.

The cause of adenoma from Gurettlo cells is a change in the expression of genes responsible for the processes of division and apoptosis (self-destruction) of thyroid cells. This disorder may be due to genetic factors or environmental factors such as smoking, radiation exposure, exposure to chemicals and hereditary predisposition.

Currently, there are no effective treatments for Hurtule cell adenomas other than surgical removal of the thyroid gland or subclinical resection of tumors. If there are no symptoms, no treatment is required, but if symptoms occur, you should see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. When detected early, Hürthle cell adenoma usually has a favorable prognosis, but in the case of malignancy, the tumor becomes invasive, grows in volume, and spreads by metastases to surrounding organs and tissues. The clinical picture is varied and depends on the location of the tumor, its size, the degree of invasion of surrounding tissues and adjacent lymph nodes, the presence of complications and the course of the disease. The appearance of bloody discharge from the throat may indicate bleeding in the tumor, so patients with this sign require urgent surgical intervention to stop the bleeding. Early detection of adenoma reduces the risk of tumor spread and provides favorable prognoses.