Encephalopathy Arteriosclerotic

Encephalopathy is the name given to dysfunction of the brain (BM) in various diseases or pathological processes. Problems may be associated with various dysfunctions of mental, nervous and neurohumoral processes. Encephalopathy is usually considered as an independent disease of the brain or a syndrome in which symptoms of organic or functional lesions appear.

The most common is organic type encephalopathy (for example, toxic, discirculatory, brain injury, etc.), which occurs in people in adulthood or old age. It can be accompanied by serious disturbances in vital functions and often becomes chronic and continues to complicate the patient’s life for many years.

The main etiological factor of organic encephalopathies is atherosclerosis with impaired blood supply to areas of the brain. These disorders provoke hypoxia, which in turn gives impetus to pathophysiological changes in brain tissue. They are characterized by a decrease in oxygen supply and a slowdown in metabolism.

Among the main causes of encephalopathy is ischemia of certain brain regions. For its formation, prolonged insufficient blood supply is necessary, causing oxygen starvation of cells, which is largely caused by atherosclerosis. Due to the fact that areas of the brain where part of the blood supply has been lost with age, the innervation of the affected area decreases. This further reduces the amount of oxygenated blood that circulates in it, causing irreversible changes in the structure and functionality of the brain.

Usually the main signs of brain damage are: * Deafness, tinnitus. * Headache. * Various types of reflex disorders. * Memory loss. * Cramps. * Atrophy. There is also an increase in blood pressure with stable normal blood pressure at a young age, a violation of the psycho-emotional background, attention and speech. Visual impairment, limb tremors, fainting, and vascular murmurs may occur. The final diagnosis is made based on the results of a neurological examination, laboratory and instrumental studies. Focal encephalopia affects the diseased brain not locally: when the nursery is completely closed, if there is damage to the anterior part of the brain - epileptic seizures after suffering a pathological situation. If the centers that control a person’s behavior, speech and thinking are damaged by the lesion, then the patient experiences congestive forms of dementia, memory deteriorates or even is lost. Maybe

Encephalopathy refers to any persistent, potentially reversible damage to the brain, primarily of hypoxic, dysmetabolic or toxic origin. Depending on the patient's status, the term "encephalopathy" can also be used to describe functional impairment in a relatively healthy patient.

The occurrence of brain damage is caused by various unfavorable factors, which include changes in the blood-brain barrier, metabolic and vascular disorders, infections, intoxications, and structural defects of the brain. Diffuse disorders of various etiologies are considered in various sections of neurology - vascular, neuroinfectious, traumatic, alcoholic, myasthenic, etc.

In this article, we will consider encephalopathy from the perspective of hemorrhagic stroke, because It is this that is the most common cause of the development of this syndrome. The assumption that ischemic stroke is also a risk factor for the development of encephalopathy has already received evidence in several studies. For example, even small amounts of white matter are damaged during ischemic strokes - most often intracerebral - and these changes can become a substrate for Alzheimer's encephalopathy. However, the most common mechanism for the occurrence of subcortical and cortical encephalopathy is venous thrombosis. Most of the hemorrhoids