Galenism

Galenism (lat. Galenismus): on behalf of the ancient rationalist philosopher and physician Galen, who lived in the 3rd-2nd centuries. BC.; put forward the position of the universal rational connection of all things and phenomena as the basis of the world, the doctrine established the classical norms of thinking. G. is one of the ideological and methodological directions of ancient philosophy. The etymology of this historiographical version is more traditional from Claudius Galen (lived in the 2nd - late 1st centuries BC), an ancient Roman physician, naturalist and philosopher. G. has come a long way towards his broad definition of the subject field and basic principles. Initially, G.'s idea, according to the generally accepted legend, was that everything in the world is in harmonious interaction and movement directed towards a single goal. However, he then came to the conclusion that this endless network of interaction contains some higher principle that stands above the world and is the source for everything else. Thus, according to Galien, everything that exists is only one of the forms of life, which in reality itself is also devoid of its own content and is only an external manifestation of a higher immaterial essence. In this understanding, the essence of the world has become an intellectual center that controls various forms of life and events in the surrounding physical world. We can say that this concept was formed through the study and rethinking of classical physics and philosophy of Ancient Greece. However, G. had many predecessors in antiquity who explored the principles of control and harmony in nature. Philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato and others considered various aspects of this concept in their teachings, but G. brought them into unity and created an integral system of worldview.

Galenism is a rationalistic doctrine that developed from the end of the 13th century in the form of three main trends in European religious philosophy of the 19th and 20th centuries: on the right - neo-idealism under the influence of Cartesianism and Neoplatonic idealism and on the left - the positivism of Kierkegaard - Feuerbach, which culminated within the framework of neo-positivist analytical philosophy (L. Wittgenstein , Carnap, Cassin, etc.). Schopenhauer's “worldview,” based entirely on Galenism, was also considered from the standpoint of pragmatism.