Guillain-Barre syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare and serious disease of the nerves, manifested in muscle paralysis and weakness of movements, as well as impaired coordination of movements and impaired sensitivity such as “shooting” pain.

Guillain-Barre syndrome occurs most often in young adults, but is often diagnosed in childhood. This pathology can be either an independent disease or manifest itself as a symptom of various diseases.

Guillain-Barre was first described in the 20th century by neurologist Georges Guyon and scientist Jean-Maurice Barre and was named after the authors of the syndrome. The appearance of this pathology, called Haffen-Bennett, is associated with the fact that, for unknown reasons, these two diseases sometimes have a similar clinical picture. In these cases, the diagnosis is made using electroneuromyography.

There are classic and abortive variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome, depending on the development of paralysis:

- Abortive form of GBS: muscle weakness gradually increases and first appears in the legs, then spreads to the arms; less often, sensory disturbance may occur. - The classic type of GBS begins in the hands, within a couple of days the disease spreads to the legs, then weakness and loss of sensitivity appear in the organs of the genitourinary system, facial muscles and gastrointestinal tract, cough and pharyngeal reflexes disappear. Guillain-barre syndrome belongs to the category of rapidly progressive diseases. This rapid and rapid form of the disease is typical for childhood. Based on laboratory and instrumental studies, about 85% of children have a positive reaction to HIV; after diagnosis, they need to undergo additional testing. And only the remaining small number of children are excluded from having AIDS.

In medicine, Guillain-Barre syndrome is a complex of severe nerve-paralytic phenomena caused by acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with the presence of practically healthy segments between foci of pathological changes.

Guillain Barre syndrome manifests itself gradually, manifested at an early stage by muscle weakness in the affected area. Paralysis of the respiratory system and cardiac system gradually develops. The patient requires additional nutrition, oxygen support, artificial ventilation or respiratory support. The excretion of all physiological waste products suffers, the swallowing function is limited with difficulty in eating, which is a health risk in the event of a possible refusal to eat. Ataxia and loss of balance may occur. If therapy is not started on time, death occurs. Survival directly depends on the severity of the patient’s condition and the speed of first aid.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a progressive inflammatory demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves with a characteristic onset and rapid evolution. It was first described in 1935: Guillain J., Barre I. P. Polyneuritis in an adult. Rev. Med. Liege, 1957, vol. 12, p. 274. A characteristic feature is damage to the lower extremities. A distinctive feature is the simultaneous damage to both central and peripheral nerve fibers.