Immunoelectrophoresis

Immunoelectrophoresis is a method of fractionating serum proteins in an agar gel using antibodies.

The immunoelectrophoresis method was developed in 1950. The method is based on the use of electrophoresis of proteins in a gel and their interaction with antibodies.

The principle of the immunoelectrophoresis method is as follows:

1. Blood serum containing proteins is added to the agar gel.
2. Antibodies are added that bind to specific serum proteins.
3. Gel electrophoresis is carried out, and serum proteins are separated depending on their molecular weight.
4. After electrophoresis, a solution containing antigens is added.
5. Antibodies bound to proteins diffuse to the antigens and form complexes.
6. When complexes form, precipitation occurs—precipitation.
7. The precipitate is detected visually or by staining.

Thus, immunoelectrophoresis makes it possible to identify antigenic fractions in blood serum and determine their concentration.

Application of immunoelectrophoresis:

– diagnosis of infectious diseases
– determination of antibody titer
– study of cancer markers
– study of protein structure
– assessment of treatment effectiveness
– screening for certain diseases.

Immunoelectrophoresis is a method for identifying antigenic fractions in blood serum, which is used to determine antibodies and antigens in biological material. This method is based on the separation of serum components by electrophoresis and then their diffusion through an agar gel towards a known immune serum. Precipitation occurs at the point where the antibody and its antigen meet, allowing the identification of antigenic fractions.

The immunoelectrophoresis method is widely used in medical diagnostics to detect infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, syphilis, malaria and others. This method is also used in scientific research to study the interaction between proteins and antibodies.

In an immunoelectrophoretic assay, the patient's blood serum is mixed with a known immune serum. The mixture is then placed in an electrophoretic chamber, where the serum components are separated into different fractions. After separation, the components diffuse in the agar gel towards the immune serum. If an antigen corresponding to an immune serum antibody is present in the serum, precipitation will occur. This allows the presence and amount of antigen in the serum to be determined.

One of the advantages of the immunoelectrophoresis method is its high sensitivity and specificity. It can detect even very small amounts of antigen or antibody, making it an indispensable tool in medical diagnostics and scientific research.

However, the immunoelectrophoresis method has its limitations. For example, it cannot be used to identify complex antigenic complexes that may have multiple antigens. In addition, immunoelectrophoresis requires specialized equipment and trained personnel, which may limit its availability.

Thus, immunoelectrophoresis is a powerful tool for identifying antigenic fractions and can be useful in medical diagnostics, scientific research, and other fields. However, its use requires careful preparation and the use of special equipment, which may limit its availability to a wide range of users.

Immunoelectphoresis is a method of immunological analysis in which antigenic fractions in a solution are detected. Separating the components of blood serum through electrophoresis, they diffuse towards the antigen with subsequent formation of precipitation.

After adding the solution for immunoelectrophoresis, it is placed in an electrophoresis device. The device contains two parallel glass electrodes exposed to electrical particles. The solution is stirred continuously, passing between the glasses and ensuring the movement of a positive charge. As a result, protein molecules move with a certain positive charge in the specified direction.

In general, this method allows you to identify allergic reactions, determine the sensitivity of antigens to antibodies, and much more.