Morphine and Other Narcotic Analgesics of the Opium Group (Opium, Omnopon, Heroin, Codeine, etc.)

Morphine and other narcotic analgesics of the opium group (opium, omnopon, heroin, codeine, etc.)

Morphine and other drugs of the opium group have a selective psychotropic (narcotic) and neurotoxic effect.

When toxic doses of these drugs are taken orally or parenterally, a coma develops with a characteristic significant constriction of the pupils and a weakening of their reaction to light, skin hyperemia, muscle hypertonicity, and sometimes clonic-tonic convulsions.

In severe poisoning, breathing disorders and the development of asphyxia are often observed - severe cyanosis of the mucous membranes, dilated pupils, bradycardia, collapse, hypothermia.

In case of severe codeine poisoning, breathing problems are possible while the patient remains conscious, as well as a significant drop in blood pressure.

Treatment:

1. Repeated gastric lavage (even with intravenous morphine), activated charcoal orally, saline laxative. Forced diuresis with blood alkalization, hemosorption.

2. Administration of 3-5 ml of 0.5% nalorphine solution intravenously.

3. Atropine (1-2 ml of 0.1% solution), caffeine (2 ml of 10% solution), cordiamine (2 ml) intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Warming the body. Vitamins: thiamine (3 ml of 5% solution), ascorbic acid (3-6 ml of 5% solution) intravenously repeatedly. Oxygen inhalation, artificial ventilation.