Neurotmesis

Neurotmesis: When a peripheral nerve is completely severed

Neurotmesis is one of the types of damage to the peripheral nervous system, which is characterized by a complete anatomical interruption of the nerve. With such nerve damage, degeneration of nerve fibers distant from the area of ​​damage occurs and delayed nerve regeneration. This distinguishes Neurotmesis from other types of nerve injuries such as Axonotmesis and Neurapraxia.

Axonotmesis is another type of nerve injury that is characterized by severing the axon while maintaining the integrity of the neulemmata and endoneurial tubes. With Neurotmesis, a complete rupture of the nerve and disruption of its structure occurs. Neurapraxia, in turn, is associated with impaired nerve conduction, but its structure is preserved.

With Neurotmesis, various consequences are possible. Depending on how far the neuron is from the site of injury, various changes in the innervated muscle can occur. If the motor neuron is close enough to the site of injury, serious changes in the muscle tissue can occur. In case of prolonged lack of innervation, muscle fibers may undergo atrophy, which will lead to impaired muscle function. In addition, sensory loss in the innervated area may occur.

Treatment for Neurotmesis may include surgery aimed at restoring the structure of the nerve, as well as rehabilitation measures aimed at restoring the function of the innervated muscle. As a rule, recovery time after Neurotmesis is delayed due to slow nerve regeneration.

Neurotmesis is a serious injury to a peripheral nerve that can lead to loss of muscle function and sensation in the innervated area. Treatment for this type of injury can be complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery and rehabilitation. If you suspect you have Neurotmesis, seek help from your doctor.

Introduction

Neurotmesis is a complete anatomical rupture of a peripheral nerve with concomitant axonal degeneration and slow healing of the nerve after injury. From a medical perspective, neurotmesis can be considered a form of axonotmesis characterized by damage to axons. The term "neurotmesis"

Trigeminal neuralgia is acute and chronic pain in the area of ​​innervation of the trigeminal nerve with a bilateral or trilateral pain pattern. May be due to various reasons. Optic neuritis (ON) and auditory neuritis (ANN) are complete anatomical interruptions of the corresponding nerve endings.

Optic neuritis begins with decreased visual acuity, a transient decrease in color perception and light sensitivity, progressing to absolute blindness. In more severe cases, retinal pigmentary abiotrophy and optic nerve atrophy develop. Progression in children is characterized by disorders of the sphincter of the pupil and photophobia appears with preserved pain adaptation to light. Periopsia in the early period is an accumulation of exudate between the retina and the lens; over time, the organized opacification disintegrates, accompanied by scarring and tractional retinal detachment. If the process spreads to the optic discs, a clinical picture of neuritis is formed. Then the process stops, vision is not fully restored. Severe central retinal defects remain, and then the decline in visual function progresses. Visual field defects occur, which leads to a central decrease in accommodation. The disorder often occurs after measles, diphtheria, tuberculosis and gonorrhea. A favorable course is observed in cases of herpes, respiratory viral infections, childhood infections, after vaccination with DTP, DTP, ADS-toxoid. More often, the process is aggravated by a strong increase in blood pressure, initial manifestations of diabetes mellitus, cerebral hemorrhages, in the presence of cervical osteochondrosis, changes in the myocardium, congenital anomalies of the nervous system, and lupus.

Origins of development