Osteomyelitis Odontogenic

Osteomyelitis, also called odontogenic osteomyelitis (odontitis), is one of the most common infectious diseases of bones and tissues associated with diseases of the teeth and oral cavity. It is characterized by acute inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding tissues, as well as purulent discharge and pain in the jaw. Osteomyelitis is usually secondary to other dental diseases, including pulpitis and periodontitis.

The pathogenesis of osteomyelitis varies, but it is usually caused by bacterial infections such as staphylococci or streptococci. The infection enters through an open tooth cavity where the tooth was previously damaged by caries or improper treatment. Pus forms in the tooth and bone, spreading into the surrounding tissue and causing inflammation.

One of the symptoms of osteomyelitis is acute pain in the affected area of ​​the jaw or other part of the face. The pain may be throbbing and increase with chewing or jaw movements. Other symptoms may include high fever, general malaise and weakness, discomfort when swallowing, swelling, loss of appetite and bad breath. In severe cases, a fistula is observed - a channel leading to the surface of the skin, which secretes pus and other decay products.

Diagnosis of osteomyelitis is usually based on an X-ray or CT scan of the affected area. Laboratory tests may also be needed to determine the type of bacteria causing the infection and to determine the correct antibiotic. Treatment of osteomyelitis requires antibiotic therapy, surgical removal of non-viable tissue and dissection of the purulent lesion, if necessary. The prognosis for recovery is usually favorable if treatment is started in a timely manner, but can be dangerous if an abscess and other complications develop.