Retinopathy Sclerotic

Sclerotic retinopathy

Sclerotic retinopathy is a disease of the retina, manifested by its atrophic changes, degeneration of blood vessels, and hard deposits on the eye shell. In later stages, damage to the central region of the retina is possible with the development of complete or partial blindness.

Pathomorphology

As a result of a chronic inflammatory process of the nerve membrane of the eye, the retina itself is involved in the pathological process. Small intraventricular veins and some of the capillaries begin to expand, while others change their position and direction. Their lumen narrows. These changes, if left untreated, lead to the development of glaucoma and cicatricial deformation and further etiology, which was the cause of death of the central section in the patient’s field of vision. The clinical picture is a limited defective spot, in most cases located in the temporal quadrant. It can be round or oval in shape. With lacunar retinitis pigmentosa, central blindness often does not occur. The stationary stage of the disease is characteristic. In a group of macular pathologies, swelling of the pigment epithelium and exudation with precipitates - the choroid of the fundus - are observed. Clinically, a limited central cataract with a number of structures of the “trembling” type is determined. In the absence of timely treatment, macular edema may develop. At the periphery of the fundus, in addition to precipitation, optic neuritis and inflammation of the central artery and vein of the retina are observed, which takes a number of years to develop. With the progressive course of the disease, the vitreous body thickens, the membrane shrinks, and the membrane develops on it. The pigment content increases and a macular star appears. In the absence of treatment, occlusion of the retinal veins of the central retinal region develops with transition to the retina. Patients report a decrease in visual acuity with a predominant decrease in the central parts of the visual fields. Light and colors are perceived dimly due to the retina having different densities. The fundus is characterized by vascular edema and spasm, a restrictive globe in the central part. Possible blockage of the central retinal artery. Some patients without timely and comprehensive treatment die from hemorrhage.