Cardiac Asthma and Pulmonary Edema

Cardiac Asthma And Pulmonary Edema: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Cardiac Asthma (CA) and pulmonary edema (PE) are clinical syndromes that are characterized by paroxysms of difficulty breathing due to the sweating of serous fluid into the lung tissue with the formation (intensification) of edema - interstitial (with CA) and alveolar, with foaming of protein-rich transudate (with OL). These pathologies can have serious consequences on the body, so it is important to know about the causes, symptoms and treatments for these diseases.

Causes of SA and OL

The causes of SA and OA in most cases are primary acute left ventricular failure (myocardial infarction, other acute and subacute forms of coronary heart disease, hypertensive crisis and other paroxysmal forms of arterial hypertension, acute nephritis, acute left ventricular failure in patients with cardiomyopathy, etc.) or acute manifestations of chronic left ventricular failure insufficiency (mitral or aortic disease, chronic cardiac aneurysm, other chronic forms of coronary artery disease, etc.). The main pathogenetic factor - an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries - is usually accompanied by additional factors that provoke an attack: physical or emotional stress, hypervolemia (overhydration, fluid retention), an increase in blood flow into the pulmonary circulation system when moving to a horizontal position and a violation of central regulation during sleep and other factors.

Symptoms of SA and OL

Symptoms of SA and OA can manifest themselves in the form of paroxysms of difficulty breathing, severe coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased oxygen levels in the blood, increased fatigue, and heart rhythm disturbances. Excitement, increased blood pressure, tachycardia, tachypnea, and increased work of the respiratory and auxiliary muscles that accompany the attack increase the load on the heart and reduce its efficiency. The suction effect of forced inhalation leads to an additional increase in blood supply to the lungs. Hypoxia and acidosis are accompanied by further deterioration of heart function, disruption of central regulation, increased permeability of the alveolar membrane and reduce the effectiveness of drug treatment.

Diagnosis of SA and AL

Diagnosis of AS and OL includes a history, physical examination, measurement of oxygen levels in the blood, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and other research methods. It is important to identify the underlying disease that led to the development of AS or OL and carry out appropriate treatment.

Treatment of SA and OA

Treatment of SA and OA is aimed at eliminating the underlying disease, reducing hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, improving respiratory function and preventing recurrent attacks. For this, diuretics, vasodilators, drugs to improve heart rhythm and other medications can be used. In severe cases, oxygen therapy, intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required. It is also important to monitor fluid levels in the body, follow a diet and regularly monitor the patient's condition.

In conclusion, AS and OA are serious conditions that can occur due to various heart and lung diseases. At the first signs of difficulty breathing and other symptoms, you should consult a doctor for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.