Natural selection

Natural selection is the process by which only those organisms that possess certain traits survive and reproduce. In nature, only the most adapted individuals survive and leave offspring. This process occurs independently of human action and can be studied by observing populations of organisms in the wild.

The basic principle of natural selection is the survival of the fittest individuals. This means that organisms with high environmental resilience (high adaptive capacity) or other advantages (such as being healthy and strong) will have a greater chance of surviving and producing offspring. Consequently, organisms with weak traits, low fitness, or other weaknesses will rarely survive to produce offspring. Thus, the least fit species will survive, and this is what will help establish that the most fit organism is the one that has unique fitness factors.

Natural selection has several types - struggle for resources, predation, symbiosis and competition. You can trace the manifestation of natural selection in a wide variety of biosystems - from forests to oceans and even galaxies. For example, insects in forests survive better due to strong wings, which allow them to escape from predators; Mammals in the mountains can withstand the cold thanks to the thick fur on their bodies. Factors such as feeding patterns, resource availability and lifespan can also influence the outcome of natural selection.