Malabsorption Syndrome

Malabsorption syndrome: impaired absorption of nutrients through the mucous membrane of the small intestine

Malabsorption syndrome is a clinical symptom complex that occurs as a result of impaired absorption of one or more nutrients through the mucous membrane of the small intestine. This condition can be either hereditary (primary) or acquired (secondary). Various factors, such as insufficient enzyme activity (for example, lactase, α-glucosidase, enterokinase) or chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines (for example, pancreatitis, hepatitis, Crohn's disease), can lead to the development of malabsorption syndrome.

Inherited forms of malabsorption include disaccharidase deficiency (eg, lactase, sucrase, isomaltase), true celiac disease (gliadin intolerance), enterokinase deficiency, monosaccharide intolerance (glucose, fructose, galactose), amino acid malabsorption (eg, cystinuria, Hartnup's disease) and deficiency vitamins B12 and folic acid. Secondary malabsorption may be associated with various chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines that affect the function of nutrient absorption.

Children suffering from malabsorption often experience chronic diarrhea with increased fat content in the stool. Due to impaired absorption of nutrients, dystrophy develops, and children are stunted in growth. In addition, manifestations of vitamin deficiency and water-electrolyte imbalances may occur, such as dry skin, seizures, glossitis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia. As a result of hypoproteinemia, edema may occur.

The diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome may be suspected if the patient has had frequent, loose, high-fat stools for a long time that is difficult to treat with conventional methods.

Treatment of malabsorption syndrome should be aimed at eliminating the cause. Depending on the specific diagnosis, nutritional therapy may include eliminating intolerant foods from the diet. For example, if you are intolerant to sucrose, you should avoid foods containing sucrose and starch, such as sugar, potatoes and semolina. In case of enzyme deficiency, it is important to replace these enzymes or use drugs that promote their activity. You may also need to take nutritional supplements to compensate for nutritional deficiencies.

It is important to conduct a detailed examination and consultation with a doctor to make an accurate diagnosis and develop an individual treatment strategy. A nutritionist and gastroenterologist will be experts to help you develop an appropriate diet and determine the necessary treatment measures.

Please remember that the information in this answer does not replace consultation with a healthcare professional. If you or your child suspect malabsorption syndrome, it is recommended that you see your doctor to get an accurate diagnosis and develop a treatment plan that is appropriate for your specific situation.