Plus Alleles

Plus alleles are a type of allele that is different from normal alleles. They do not interfere with the functioning of genes and do not cause diseases or health problems.

All genetic tests detect the presence of different variant alleles: normal alleles and plus alleles. A plus allele is an allele that is present in a person, but it is not present in the genome of the organism responsible for the production of a particular protein. It turns out that a person may carry a gene variant that produces a protein that differs in its properties from other proteins, or the protein is not synthesized at all, and there are a number of other possible genes that can be identified through testing.

Plus alleles have the following formation mechanism: during the formation of gametes, each sperm or egg receives half of the alleles from its parent, and only 50% of the genes. When these genes multiply, heterozygous organisms arise that have some combination of positive allelic genes of two parents, but also have negative alleles from one of these parents in their genetic structure. The presence of both positive and negative alleles causes a wider range of phenotypes.

Plus alleles are special types of alleles that have a higher concentration than regular alleles. They can be both harmful and beneficial to the body. Plus alleles have a positive effect on the body, but can be dangerous and cause mutations in the genome. Studying plus alleys allows scientists to better understand the mechanisms of heredity and hereditary diseases.

An allele is a specific version of a gene that may be present in multiple copies (or copies) in a genotype. Alleles can have different functionality and influence various characteristics of the body, such as eye color, nose shape or susceptibility to certain diseases. However, not all alleles are normal; some may contain mutations and lead to diseases.

Normal alleles are those that do not contain mutations and ensure normal functioning of the body. They do not cause any disease or change symptoms. However, even normal alleles can affect the body differently. Some of them can increase the vitality of an individual, others - reduce it.

Plus alleles differ from normal alleles in the following ways:

- they have a higher probability of presence; - their number is higher than that of normal alleles; - some of them can change the functions of genes and enhance their effects.

Plus alleles can be:

* Alleles affecting hormone synthesis. For example, alleles associated with the thyroid gland, which controls the function of the brain, heart, nervous system and other organs. The allele responsible for the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) in the thyroid gland may be a major risk factor for the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

* Alleles involved in the process of apoptosis - programmed cell death. These alleles determine metabolic characteristics, can influence the development of tumor processes and support the immune system.

In general, the study of plus alleles helps to better understand the nature of various genetic abnormalities, develop new methods of treating diseases, and prevent the occurrence and progression of hereditary syndromes.