Sinusitis

Article

Acute or chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. There is sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary (maxillary) sinus: frontal sinusitis - inflammation of the frontal sinus; ethmoiditis - inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth and sphenoiditis - inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. The disease can be unilateral or bilateral, involving one sinus or affecting all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides - the so-called pansinusitis.

In terms of the frequency of diseases, the maxillary sinus is in first place, then the ethmoid labyrinth, frontal and sphenoid sinuses. Acute sinusitis often occurs during acute runny nose, flu, measles. scarlet fever and other infectious diseases, as well as due to disease of the roots of the four upper back teeth.

Symptoms, course. Feeling of tension or pain in the affected sinus, impaired nasal breathing, nasal discharge, impaired sense of smell on the affected side, photophobia and lacrimation. The pain is often diffuse, vague or localized in the forehead, temple and occurs at the same time of the day.

On examination: mucous or mucopurulent discharge in the middle nasal passage (the place where the sinus communicates with the nasal cavity), less often swelling of the cheek and swelling of the upper or lower eyelid, often pain on palpation of the facial wall of the maxillary sinus. Body temperature is elevated, and chills are common. During posterior rhinoscopy, purulent discharge is often found on the back wall of the pharynx.

Ancillary research methods include diaphanoscopy, radiography and test puncture. During diaphanoscopy and radiography, the affected sinus appears darkened. Treatment is usually conservative - mainly ensuring good drainage of contents from the sinus.

When body temperature rises, bed rest and the prescription of acetylsalicylic acid and analgin are recommended. In case of severe intoxication, intramuscular antibiotics are prescribed. To reduce edema and swelling of the mucous membrane, vasoconstrictors are instilled into the nose.

Physiotherapeutic treatment methods (blue light lamp, Sollux, UHF currents) play a significant role. Before each session of UHF therapy, it is recommended to inject vasoconstrictors into the nose. Diathermy is prescribed after acute phenomena have subsided with good outflow of sinus contents.

Inhalation of antibiotic aerosols also has a beneficial effect. In persistent cases, they resort to puncturing the sinus and washing it with solutions of antiseptic drugs, followed by the administration of antibiotics.

Chronic sinusitis occurs with repeated acute inflammations and especially often with prolonged inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, as well as with chronic runny nose. A known role is played by the curvature of the nasal septum, the close contact of the middle concha with the lateral wall of the nose, and the congenital narrowness of the nasal passages. Odontogenic sinusitis often has a sluggish chronic course from the very beginning. There are exudative forms of inflammation (purulent, catarrhal), productive forms (polyposis, parietal hyperplastic, cholesteatoma, caseous, necrotic, atrophic).

There is also vasomotor and allergic sinusitis, which is observed simultaneously with the same phenomena in the nasal cavity. With atrophic processes in the upper respiratory tract and osen, atrophic sinusitis also develops. Necrotizing sinusitis is usually a complication of severe infectious diseases.

Symptoms and course depend on the form of the disease. In exudative forms, the patient’s main complaint is profuse nasal discharge. When the outflow of secretions from the sinuses is difficult, there is almost no nasal discharge, and patients complain of dry throat, expectoration of large amounts of sputum in the morning, and bad breath.

There is usually no pain in the area of ​​the affected sinus, but it may appear when the process worsens or when the outflow of exudate becomes difficult. In such cases, pain in the fingers is determined

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses, lined with epithelium.

Sinusitis can be caused by infections (viral, bacterial), allergies, or anatomical deformities. Sinusitis most often develops after acute respiratory viral infections or influenza, when pathogens enter the paranasal sinuses.

Symptoms of sinusitis:

1. pain and pressure in the projection of the affected sinuses
2. purulent or mucopurulent nasal discharge
3. nasal congestion
4. decreased sense of smell
5. increase in body temperature

Diagnosis of sinusitis includes taking a medical history, examination by an ENT doctor, and an X-ray or CT scan of the paranasal sinuses.

Treatment of sinusitis consists of prescribing antibiotics, rinsing the sinuses with saline, decongestants, and anti-inflammatory drugs. If conservative therapy is ineffective, surgery may be required.

Prevention of sinusitis includes timely treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, smoking cessation, and indoor air humidification.

Sinusitis is an infectious or inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses (middle ear, frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid, branches of the basal sinuses), accompanied by characteristic complaints from the face and respiratory system. It is usually caused by a respiratory tract infection. Damage to the paranasal structures is called sinusitis. The disease can occur independently or against the background of a viral runny nose or allergies.