Subchromatids

Subchromatids are excess non-double chromatids in the chromosomes of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which are formed in the event of incorrect packaging of chromatic DNA. A chromosome contains two separate homologous chromatid strands, which are copies of the same chromosomal DNA, and the centromere is a kind of center of these two strands. If the centromere is not uniformly located, then a subchromatid is formed - an additional strand, which is a copy of the DNA molecule behind the center. When structures (for example, the nuclear membrane) are centered, the length of subchromatids increases, which leads to chromosome bifurcation.

Cells subject to the process of subchromatidization are mainly used in biology as an interesting object for studying epigenetic inheritance. Genetic information is transmitted through nucleotides, but biochemical cycles are required to direct building materials, such as amino acids, to specific areas of the DNA molecule. These steps of the reproduction process are usually called translation and transcription, respectively. Cells can still generate the code used to control the transmission of vesicles within the tissue, thus even when the synthesis of replicated, now ribosome-liberated DNA stops. The subchromatid gene then returns to its state before transformation, making it again available for replication.

When subchromatid gene transcription is initiated, a series of corrections to the DNA occur, causing a “roll-off” that likely allows neurotransmitters, cytokines and other signaling molecules to enter the chain of events. Such changes may not result in a shift in the structure of the chromosome they affect as a subchromatid, and this non-chronosequital process of subchromatization may help to understand some of the principles of the specific regulation of the molecular machinery. The presence of a subchromatid gene is often associated with a general burst of expression of its paired chromosomal partner, simultaneously canceling the previous correlation between gene activity and the overall transcriptional demand of the chromosomal domain. Therefore, non-broadcast signals continue to flow to the corresponding