Abdominopericardiostomy

Abdominopericardiostomy: History, procedure and application

Abdominopericardiostomy is a medical procedure that is used to create communication between the abdominal cavity and the pericardium. The term "abdominopericardiostomy" comes from the combination of the Latin word "abdomino-", which means the abdominal cavity, the anatomical term "pericardium", which means the pericardium (the lining of the heart), and the Greek word "stoma", which means opening.

The abdominopericardiostomy procedure has a long history and was developed to treat certain conditions related to the pericardium. It was first proposed and used in the mid-20th century as an alternative approach to the surgical treatment of pericardial effusion, which is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardium.

During the abdominopericardiostomy procedure, an opening is created between the abdominal cavity and the pericardium, allowing fluid from the abdominal cavity to flow freely into the pericardium. This facilitates the removal of excess fluid and relieves symptoms associated with pericardial effusion. The procedure may use a variety of equipment and techniques, including endoscopic instruments and laparoscopic techniques.

Abdominopericardiostomy may be recommended in cases where other treatments for pericardial effusion are ineffective or undesirable. It may be particularly useful in patients with chronic pericardial effusion or certain medical contraindications to open surgery.

Like any surgical procedure, abdominopericardiostomy is not without risks and complications. Possible complications include infection, bleeding, damage to abdominal and pericardial organs, and the development of recurrent pericardial effusion.

In general, abdominopericardiostomy is a specific surgical procedure that may be useful in treating certain conditions associated with pericardium. However, the decision to use this procedure should be based on a thorough assessment of the patient, his condition and in agreement with a medical specialist.

**Abdominopericarditomy (APC)**

Abdominopecardiotomy is a surgical procedure performed to treat heart disease. It involves creating an opening in the pericardium - the membrane that surrounds the heart - and placing an external device on both halves of the heart muscle.

APC helps increase blood flow to the heart, improve heart function, and increase blood flow throughout the body. This operation is also used to eliminate pathologies such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure and others.

Traditionally, abdominopericardiostomy was performed in adults with advanced heart disease, in which the size of the internal organ could not contribute to blood circulation. In some cases, surgery is also performed in children with inflammatory processes or congenital anomalies. The patient's age is the only contraindication to its implementation.

Indications for surgery may vary, but the general principles for choosing a method include assessing the degree of ventricular dilatation, the presence of signs of chronic heart failure, and left ventricular filling pressure. Your doctor may additionally consider other risks and side effects.

How is abdominopercardiotomy performed?

This is a procedure performed in the operating room. The anesthesiologist will determine the level of anesthesia that will help monitor the patient's condition during the procedure. Pericardial surgery proceeds in the following stages:

1. Premedication to minimize the patient's pain and prepare him for the procedure. If the patient is overweight, the surgeon will assess his body mass index and recommend appropriate weight loss training. 2. Anaesthesia - removing the patient from consciousness using an anesthetic drug. This allows you to reduce pain. 3. Arterial and venous catheters located on the arm. A catheter is needed to measure blood pressure and filter it. The blood returns from the catheter back into the main vein. 4. Providing general anesthesia. An anesthetic is administered intravenously, which reduces anxiety before the procedure. 5. Electrocardiography (ECG) will help identify any abnormalities in the electrical activity of the heart. The electrical signal only measures the atria. 6. Preparatory actions: removal of waste products, moving the patient to