Hepatotoxemia

Hepatotoxemia (from the Greek ἡπάτη - liver and τόξεω - to poison) is poisoning with poisons, predominantly of the hemolytic type, manifested by intoxication syndrome and toxic damage to the liver.

**Mechanism of toxic action and clinical manifestations**

When toxic substances of various groups act on liver tissue, the functions of barrier systems are disrupted: detoxification and deconjugation, oxidation, reabsorption and metabolism. Lipid blood plasma circulates in the bloodstream, penetrates the intestinal wall and is reabsorbed. The microvasculature of the liver is in constant interaction with many cellular elements of both the organ itself and other organs. The consequence of this is functional changes, disruption of liver metabolism, hemostasis and rheological properties of blood. In the process of exposure to toxins, biochemical and structural-functional damage to liver cells and the development of inflammatory-dystrophic changes in hepatomas occur. The duration of action of a particular poison is determined by the characteristics of metabolism, the rate of filtration and elimination of the toxin from the body. Enteral toxins, entering the systemic circulation, overcome the protein filterability of the kidneys. A minority of toxic substances penetrate the placenta and are detected in the biological fluids of the fetus (blood, urine). Resorption toxins accumulate in internal organs, toxic metabolic products stimulate metabolic processes in hepatocytes and actively functioning epithelium of the intestinal glands. The implementation of the toxic effect is associated with the direct or indirect effect of poisons on the liver.

Local pathological processes develop at the site of action of chemicals. In the hematogenous and lymphogenous barriers, toxic substances overcome the regurgitant valve of the hemorrhoidal veins, and then through the vein ports into the intrahepatic venous plexuses. Next, the toxins enter the sinusoidal capillary network

Hepatotoxicity is the negative effect of various drugs, chemicals and foods on the liver.

Hepatotoxic agents with moderate liver cell damage have a greater ability to induce enzymes, increase toxicity and accumulate in the liver, and, accordingly, more severe symptoms of cholestasis and/or parenchymal damage

Hepatotoxic eczema (hepatotoxemia) is an acute or chronic skin disease accompanied by the spread of toxic breakdown products of hepatocytes into the dermis and bloodstream, which leads to the development of a severe allergic reaction. Hepatotoxic eczema is also called hemosiderosis