Granuloma Intubation

An **intubation granuloma** occurs when the endotracheal tube enters the esophagus during anesthesia and the development of granulation inflammation due to swelling or trauma to the mucosa.

In the typical course of granuloma, intubation develops acutely, increasing body temperature. Subsequently, swelling of the corresponding neck segment sometimes appears. Primary symptoms of the disease may include hoarseness, difficulty breathing and cough. Low-grade fever, fever, chills, and general weakness occur. Possible pain in the larynx. On palpation - pain and hyperemia of adjacent tissues. The vocal cords are swollen, gray-white or red, and somewhat thickened. The surrounding tissue is infiltrated, the saphenous veins are dilated, damage to the parathyroid glands and enlargement of the lymph nodes are possible. The process begins with swelling of the submucosal layer, gradually spreading to the muscle layer. Due to cell loss and death of epithelial cells, cracks are formed. Serous exudate is released into the lumen of the cavity with damage to the mucous gland, which promotes swelling of the tissue and its compaction. Enzymes, proteolytic enzymes, and biologically active substances are released into the blood from damaged tissues, which contribute to the disruption of their regeneration and the development of local lymphadenitis. Granuloma is characterized by the formation

Today, intubation is one of the main methods of providing artificial ventilation in emergency situations: for example, in case of suffocation, severe trauma, serious abdominal surgery or sudden loss of consciousness and other critical conditions when respiratory function stops. The use of endotracheal tubes (ETs) allows doctors to maintain stable ventilation and oxygen saturation of the body. However, despite the fact that IT is considered a fairly safe and effective tool, it can cause various complications. One of them is intubation granuloma, which can lead to serious consequences for the patient's health.

Intubation granuloma is an inflammatory disease of the laryngeal mucosa associated with the entry of IT into the body and its prolonged use. It manifests itself as a painless thickening of tissue in the vocal folds, which may be accompanied by coughing, difficulty breathing and a hoarse voice. The granulomatous process can progress and spread to adjacent structures of the larynx and esophagus.

As a rule, granulomas are observed in patients with a complex medical history: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tracheostomy, respiratory pathologies, chronic lung diseases, diabetes, obesity, and also after unsuccessful