Behaviourism

Behaviorism is a psychological approach that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century and became widespread over several decades. This approach is based on the idea that to study psychology, one must focus only on observable behavior and not on unconscious processes such as thinking, feeling, and emotion.

Behaviorists believed that human behavior is the result of interactions between a person and his environment, and that all behavior can be explained and predicted by certain laws and rules. One of the main methods for studying behavior is conditioning.

Conditioning is the process in which an animal or person learns to respond to a specific stimulus. For example, in classical conditioning experiments, a dog is given food after the sound of a bell. After several repetitions, the dog begins to drool when he hears the sound of the bell, even if there is no food. This experiment became a classic example of conditioning and was conducted by Ivan Pavlov.

Behaviorism became widespread in the United States in the 1920s and had a major influence on the education and practice of psychology for many years. However, by the late 1950s, behaviorism began to be criticized for ignoring important aspects of psychology such as thinking, feeling, and emotion.

Most modern psychologists recognize that behavior is a complex and multifaceted process, and that to fully understand human psychology it is necessary to consider both observable behavior and internal processes.

In conclusion, behaviorism is an important step in the development of psychology and has made significant contributions to its development. However, modern psychologists recognize that to fully understand human psychology, it is necessary to take into account both observable behavior and internal processes.

Behaviorism is a psychological approach that is based on the study of overt behavior only and denies the importance of unconscious processes. He argues that human behavior can be described and explained by laws and patterns that can be measured and observed.

Behaviorism was founded in the early 20th century by American psychologist B.F. Skinner, who believed that psychology should be a science of behavior, not of consciousness. Skinner argued that all behavior can be divided into two categories: operant and respondent. Operant behavior is behavior that occurs in response to stimuli, while respondent behavior is behavior that occurs in response to certain conditions.

One of the main principles of behaviorism is the principle of reinforcement, according to which human behavior is stimulated or suppressed depending on its consequences. This principle was used by Skinner to create the concept of “operant conditioning,” which became the basis for the development of learning methods such as “trial and error” and “reinforcement.”

However, behaviorism also has its disadvantages. Some scientists believe that it does not take into account the role of consciousness and emotions in human behavior, and also cannot explain complex forms of behavior such as thinking and creativity.

Despite this, behaviorism remains one of the most widespread approaches to the study of human behavior, and its principles are used in a variety of fields, including education, medicine and business.

Behaviorism (from the English behavior) is a leading trend in American psychology at the beginning of the 20th century, studying primarily the observable and measurable behavioral reactions of certain organisms in certain situations, that is, studying the behavior of organisms as an external (physical, physiological) factor in the study of the formation