Cholangioma (Cholangiota)

**Cholangioma** is a rare type of tumor that occurs due to the proliferation of tissues and vessels of the bile duct, which leads to obstruction of this passage and the manifestation of jaundice. Cholangiomas account for about 0.7 - 2% of all biliary tract tumors. **What is cholangioma?** Cholangioma is a rare pathology characterized by tumor-like growth of the tissue and vessels of the common bile duct. The tumor develops from the walls of this important organ and provokes a violation of its outflow. With a long course, the disease is accompanied by the development of hypertension, biliary edema, changes in blood composition and the likelihood of internal bleeding.

Among the causes of the formation of cholangiomas are traumatic damage to the walls of the bile duct. This entails a process of intense cell proliferation, which disrupts natural biological processes. The formation of tumor cells is caused by the abuse of bad habits (excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco products), living in a polluted environment, and an unbalanced diet. The pathology is often diagnosed in patients with congenital pathologies of the biliary system and during ongoing inflammatory processes (biliary cirrhosis syndrome, duodenal ulcer). The condition is diagnosed during life in almost 75% of patients with steatosis (fatty degeneration).

**Cholangiomas are characterized by the following features:**

- ossification of tissues; - tuberous structure;

individual convoluted connective tissue cords;

capsular fixation or infiltration. !photo "Cholangiomas for a patient can be a disease and its complication"

There is also benign (non-life-threatening) and malignant cholangiocarcinoma.

After a person goes to the hospital with complaints about gallstones and pain after their removal, a specialist uses ultrasound to identify the tumor process in the tissues of the gallbladder and passages. To clarify the diagnosis and exclude the presence of other pathologies, the patient must undergo a comprehensive examination of the gastrointestinal tract and diagnosis of the condition of the gallbladder. This list includes the following manipulations:

cholecystocholangiopancreatography; duodenoscopy; fractional duodenal intubation; irrigoscopy; Still's test, drainage of the bile ducts under X-ray control. “The diagnosis of the spread of cholangoma to all parts of the biliary tract is made on the basis of the conclusion of x-ray, endoscopic and special research methods”

It is important to emphasize that the treatment is surgical. This operation allows you to excise the contents of the inflamed bile formation and relieve the symptoms of the disease. To avoid the formation of relapses, it is necessary to remove a section of the gallbladder along with the surrounding tissues along with the tumor. This stage of treatment helps prevent the growth of tumors in other areas of the body. Surgical intervention is prescribed only after receiving an accurate conclusion from a specialist and the conclusion of a comprehensive examination.

Cholangiomas are rare hepatocyte neoplasms arising from the small bile ducts of the main bile duct or the common bile duct (choledochus). The tumor was first described in 1828 by James Grierson and has since been observed in patients of all age groups. Tumors are characterized by the formation of small cystic structures and

**Cholangioma** is a rare benign neoplasm that arises from the biliary system and is often incidentally detected on control ultrasound scans of the abdominal cavity. Cholangiomas are usually detected accidentally during an ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs; less often, patients are diagnosed or when complaints characteristic of chronic cholecystitis appear. Quite often, this disease is detected in patients suffering from hereditary hepatitis. Often, when performing a hepatobiopsy of such a disease, a “dull” adenoma of the bile duct, or obstructive jaundice, caused by intestinal obstruction due to a large adenoma of the common hepatic duct at the point of confluence of the cystic duct was revealed. **Clinically, the disease manifests itself as pain in the area of ​​the right hypochondrium and directly under the sternum; an increase in body temperature to 37.5°C is often observed**. At the same time, this deviation from the norm can be explained by inflammation occurring in the patient’s body. In the practice of doctors, these malignant tumors (not being teratoblastoma) most often arise as a result of somatic mutation of germ cells. The tumor has a relatively favorable prognosis - cholangiomas, as a rule, do not metastasize and live relatively long. However, the patient will still require treatment in medical institutions, as well as several follow-up examinations by a specialist.