Histogenesis Reparative

Histogenesis of reparative origin (Latin histo - tissue, genesis - origin) is a physiological process that results in the formation and development of tissue to replace lost tissue in embryos and newborns. This process is necessary to restore the integrity of damaged tissues or organs.

Histogenesis occurs in several stages: - Embryonic development: from the beginning of pregnancy until the 8th week after fertilization, embryonic histogenesis occurs. At this time, cell division occurs, from which all the tissues and organs of the developing embryo are formed. - Fetal period: from the 9th to the 36th week the embryo continues to develop and grow. During this period, the processes of maturation and differentiation of tissues, the formation of organs and organ systems occur. - Postnatal period: begins from the moment of birth and continues until the death of a person. During the postnatal period, the growth and development of already formed organs and tissues occurs; metabolic processes in them can change if necessary. Postnatal regeneration is distinguished by a number of features: cells in this tissue generally do not form and do not regenerate, but are capable of some restoration; the functions of newly formed elements are limited over time.

Reparative histogenesis Reparative regeneration (replacement) is the restoration of damaged tissues or organs after injury or disease. After tissue damage, reparative regeneration begins, which leads to restoration of the functionality of the damaged organ and adaptation of the body. This process involves the interaction of various cells and growth factors that regulate the formation of new tissues and the repair of previously damaged ones.

Histogenesis is the period during which the formation of tissues from the primary germ layers occurs. This is the result of the interaction of stem cells, various signaling molecules, innate and acquired tendencies in tissue development. At the heart of the process

**Histogenesis of the reparative type** - histogenesis of sporogenic tissue (sporangia). It differs from megasporogenesis in that the main phase of sporogenesis, mitosis, is not shifted beyond the apical part of the hypha. The nucleus is motionless, near it is located the mufri apparatus - the organelle of karyokinesis, which determines the fragmentation of the nucleus, the metaphase plate and the size of the nuclei in the hyphae. The spore cell is determined by radial division with the formation of a lateral final product - new mycelial hyphae are formed from some cells - the integrity of the hyphotic structure is restored. The tissue retains the ability to form mononuclear formations (hyphae, vegetative diploid nuclei). After the growth of the hyphal organ is completed, all its cells soon die. Exceptions are vegetative (telogenic) hyphae and cell complexes such as creeping and scaly hyphae. The main fraction of spores (about 80%) is formed during the maturation of askogon. The stage of formation of asci - a period of development close to the formation of hyphae - during G. birth. absent. The process of a cell entering into asciogenesis is regulated mainly by hormonal factors, but in tissues grown on a special nutrient material for its growth under the influence of thallium (Th) and magnesium salt, there is an increase in the spindle residence time at the stage of mitosis, multigrain, a number of grains at different stages do not enter mitosis. A feature of ascus sporogenesis is the presence of meiotype 2 meiosis and an increase in the number of small nuclei at the latest stages. The entire complex of these anomalies (impaired mitosis and an increase in the time until the disappearance of nuclei during the transition of the GR to the GM mitotype) leads to the development of a large number of abnormal vegetative structures covering the hypha with numerous asci of irregular shape. Unlike the first type, the entire reproductive cycle takes place in the sporangium of the myological ascoma - the ascogonal plate. The ascogonal plate, after its formation, often has a well-defined serrated edge. In the sporangial cell, meiosis I occurs with the formation of two haploids. The formed haploids remain connected to one another; they separate during meiosis II. The development of sporangial organs is often accompanied by the formation of mononuclear haploid thallomyeline. Sometimes such a thallomyeline organ can arise by fusion of a monocotyledonous somatophrenic formation with an asxon bearing a heterodicate. The latter may be the result of the fusion of the nucleus and nucleolus according to Barbeau's law. In some species in G.p. the myod phase, miotic duplication, is absent, then there is only one mitoclet, which directly passes into meiosis G0, or a miotic preascom, from which the entire nucleus is asnolome, which during sporogenesis is involved only in the preparation of new hyphae bearing cells. During the intrasportal passage of the nucleus, the preascoma, its metaphase plates and astases develop even before the appearance of the amyloid membrane of the membrane