Transcondylar fracture

A transcondylar fracture is a complex type of fracture characterized by a simultaneous fracture in one of the structures of the synovial bursa or the internal “wing” of the extensor section of the distal metaepiphysis of the radius. Fractures can be closed or open. Some features allow us to classify them as isolated extra-articular fractures of the distal metaepiphyses of the forearm. The rank of this damage is determined by the prevalence of the pathological process - isolated damage to the internal opening of the bursa and the underlying triceps tendon, or the entire syndesmosis, is diagnosed, in other cases - fragmentation of both of these anatomical formations.

Most often it occurs due to the flexion mechanism of injury, the outer wing of the synovium is damaged, less often a direct traumatic mechanism of action occurs

The damage inherently refers to pure intra-articular or intratendinous dislocations of fragments of osteochondral tissue. But in the overwhelming majority of cases, a transitional form is formed, combining extra- and intraural trauma to the fracture elements.

A number of studies are required to make a diagnosis.

The classic signs that distinguish “Karasev syndrome” are considered to be significant anatomical disruption of the syndesmotic structure of bones with or without ligamentous continuation, as well as linear breaks in the contours of the “wings” and the projection of articular cartilage. A complex disorder of skeletal biomechanics is characteristic only of the interface zones between surfaces: the metaphysis of the main bone is connected to the long part of the diaphysis by the coronoid process and the bordering disc, the superficial edge of the humerus and the inner edge of the olecranon fossa. The articular surfaces of the terminal “neck” of the radius and ulna diverge at right angles, and there are also three areas where intertwined fibromuscular sutures called “walls” are formed: - dorsal or anterior - superficial posterior surface. The connecting element of the wall remains only the radial nerve trunk, the main neurovascular bundle; - the lateral one has a thickness of only about 0.6-0.8 mm and consists only of articular cartilage covering the medial part of the supracentral girdle of the fascia of the forearm and the elevation of the internal cortical plate of the metastatic arm; - the lateral or internal section (“wing”) of the shoulder acts as an extended acromion-clavicular ligament.