Cysts And Fistulas Of The Neck Median

Median neck cysts and fistulas: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Median neck cysts and fistulas are a fairly common problem. They are formed from the remnants of the thyroglossal duct and can cause discomfort and pain. In this article we will talk about the causes of midline neck cysts and fistulas, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Causes of midline neck cysts and fistulas

Median neck cysts and fistulas are formed from the remnants of the thyroglossal duct, which is an embryonic structure. Cysts typically form when the opening of the thyroglossal duct closes, causing fluid to accumulate and form a cyst. Fistulas, in turn, are formed when the cyst becomes infected, which leads to the formation of a cavity with purulent contents.

Symptoms of cysts and fistulas of the median neck

In the initial stage of development of median neck cysts and fistulas, symptoms may be absent. However, as the cyst grows or the fistula develops, the following symptoms may appear:

1. A dense, painless, mobile formation in the midline between the root of the tongue and the isthmus of the thyroid gland.
2. Permanent or recurrent fistula with mucopurulent discharge.
3. The fistula can be complete (has two openings, the internal opening is at the root of the tongue) or incomplete (the internal opening is obliterated at the level of the hyoid bone or inside it).
4. Discomfort and pain when swallowing.
5. If the cyst or fistula is large, neck deformation and difficulty breathing may occur.

Diagnosis of median neck cysts and fistulas

To diagnose cysts and fistulas of the midline neck, various research methods are used. To begin with, the doctor examines and palpates the formation. For a more accurate diagnosis, fistulography can be performed - a method in which a contrast agent is injected into the cavity of the fistula to identify the nature and course of the fistula. Ultrasound diagnostics and computed tomography may also be prescribed.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with atheroma, cystic struma of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland, laryngocele.

Treatment of median neck cysts and fistulas

Treatment of median neck cysts and fistulas is surgical and involves radical excision of the formation down to the root of the tongue along with the body of the hyoid bone. Indications for surgery depend on the size of the cyst or fistula. In children, surgical treatment is indicated for cysts of any size; in adults, for cysts larger than 1 cm. Fistulas are an absolute indication for surgery. Surgical treatment is performed under general anesthesia.

The prognosis for patients with midline neck cysts and fistulas is favorable with timely diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Conclusions

Median neck cysts and fistulas are a fairly common problem that requires surgical treatment. If you suspect a cyst or fistula in the neck, you should consult a doctor for diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. Early consultation with a doctor will help to avoid possible complications and ensure a favorable prognosis.