Gallop rhythm Diastolic

Gallop rhythm - diastolic (syn.: ventricular gallop rhythm, gallop rhythm) - a pathological rhythmic complex in leads II, III, aVF, V5-V6, characterized by a gradual onset, achievement of maximum amplitude and subsequent gradual decrease in the amplitude of the R wave to the level of the isoelectric line, after which it is restored to its original value, then a gradual decrease in the amplitude of the R waves is again noted, and so on. In this case, the QRS complex has a normal size and shape, the PR interval is not changed.

The gallop rhythm has the following characteristics:

– gradual beginning and end of the complex,
– QRS complex of normal size and shape,
– PR interval is normal,
– absence of a preceding rhythm.

The gallop rhythm is caused by blockade of the bundle branches or atrioventricular junction.

Diagnosis of gallop rhythm is based on an ECG study. Treatment of gallop rhythm is aimed at eliminating the cause of bundle branch block.

Diastolic gallop rhythm is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. This type of rhythmic contraction represents an increased return of blood to the heart at the time of diastole, during which symptoms such as shortness of breath, arrhythmia, and a feeling of strong pulsation in the region of the heart may occur. The development of a pathological gallop rhythm is associated with a pathological effect on the valves of the heart muscle, as a result of which their functioning changes. Let's take a closer look at the reasons for the galloping diastolic rhythm, its external manifestations and drug treatment.

Causes of diastolic gallop 1. Mitral stenosis The mitral valve allows blood to pass from the left atrium directly into the left ventricle. With mitral stenosis, this function is impaired, since the valve leaflets are strongly compressed together. This leads to a delay in blood flow in the left atrium, which in turn leads to its stretching and pressure on the walls. As a result of blood pressure, diastole also increases, increasing the volume of blood flow. Thus, an attack of tachycardia is provoked by pressure on the mitral and pulmonary valves, which impede blood flow. Subsequently, gases accumulate in the blood, and diuresis decreases. Signs of pathology: tachycardia, severe shortness of breath, fatigue. 2. Aortic valve stenosis Aortic stenosis can lead to increased pulsation of blood through the arteries, which leads to an abnormal heartbeat in the diastole phase - the so-called gallop rhythm. The aortic valve may be partially blocked due to atherosclerotic plaque or other changes, especially in older people. Symptoms appear as sudden tremors and attacks of arrhythmia; in some cases, dizziness or even fainting occurs. 3. Left Ventricular Myocardial Hypertrophy This condition, known as systolic hypertension, is characterized by an increase in the mass and size of the left ventricle of the heart, which is a result of its increased workload. The most common cause of this condition is high blood pressure, which leads to damage to the wall muscles and changes in the size of the chambers of the heart. Symptoms will include severe fatigue, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. Patients complain of audible pulsating sounds in the chest. This condition requires urgent medical intervention. Common causes of heart rhythm disturbances: - Myocardial defects of various types; - Myocardial infarction, necrosis of the heart muscle; - Hemimerism; - Inflammation of the heart valves; - Pathologies of the cardiovascular system, for example, thrombosis, previous strokes. How does tachycardia manifest? Symptoms of an attack of tachycardia can be classified according to several main criteria, such as: heart rate, patient sensations, possible ways of causing the disease, and associated complications. Note that tachycardia may present differently depending on the patient's age. In children, tachycardia often develops due to physical exertion or fatigue. In adults and older patients, it is more often caused by changes in the heart valve, rhythm problems, and more serious problems (such as heart failure). Common symptoms are: palpitations, weakness, dizziness, dizziness,

**Gallop rhythm** is a rapid heart rate (more than 80 beats per minute), accompanied by a rumble audible in the chest and aggravated by physical stress. It appears with stenosis of the mitral orifice against the background of obstruction of the left atrioventricular orifice. May be caused by left atrial dilatation. It is observed in patients with fatal arrhythmias.

**Diastolic gallop rhythm.** Presence of low amplitude diastolic pulsation in the precordial region along with a systolic ejection murmur or systolic-diastolic murmur at the apex. Diastolic pulsation comes from the additional blood flow that flows through the right half of the systemic circulation. There are no obvious auscultatory signs of the right branches of the pulmonary blood flow. The murmur is observed with open mitral and tricuspid valves, sometimes with severe insufficiency of the aortic valves. As a rule, diastolic murmurs over the pulmonary artery are absent and appear gradually, after about 2 weeks during myocardial exacerbation