Splitting Pyramidal Syndrome

Cleft Pyramidal Syndrome: Manifestations and Clinical Significance

Introduction

Pyramidal syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by damage to the pyramidal tracts that connect the cerebral cortex to the lower motor neurons of the spinal cord. This syndrome manifests itself with various clinical signs, which may vary depending on the level and nature of the damage. However, in some cases there is an interesting phenomenon known as split pyramidal syndrome, where some features are predominant while others are absent or altered.

Description of cleft pyramidal syndrome

Splitting of the pyramidal syndrome occurs with an isolated lesion of the motor or premotor area of ​​the cerebral cortex or the fibers of the pyramidal tract starting from them. In such cases, some signs of pyramidal syndrome, such as paresis (paralysis) and pathological extensor reflexes (for example, Babinski), may predominate, while other signs, such as increased muscle tone and pathological flexion reflexes (for example, Bekhterev-Mendel) , may be absent, weakened or modified.

Clinical significance

Splitting pyramidal syndrome is of interest to clinicians because it indicates the localization of damage to specific areas of the brain. For example, with an isolated lesion of the cerebral motor cortex, symptoms of paresis and pathological extensor reflexes are observed. This may indicate the presence of a lesion in the direct central periaxial cortex region responsible for motor activity. On the other hand, when the premotor area of ​​the cerebral cortex or the pyramidal tract fibers starting from it are damaged, increased muscle tone and pathological flexion reflexes are observed. This indicates the presence of a lesion in the area of ​​the cortex responsible for planning and coordinating movements.

Splitting pyramidal syndrome may also be useful in the differential diagnosis. For example, the splitting of pyramidal syndrome with a predominance of paresis and extensor pathological reflexes may indicate a cause in the form of a heart attack or tumor in the motor cortex, while the predominance of increased muscle tone and flexion pathological reflexes may indicate damage to the premotor cortex or fibers originating from it pyramidal tract, possibly due to an inflammatory process or degenerative disease.

Conclusion

Splitting pyramidal syndrome is an interesting phenomenon that indicates different localization of damage in the motor and premotor areas of the cerebral cortex. With isolated damage to these areas, various clinical signs of pyramidal syndrome are observed, such as paresis, pathological extensor reflexes, increased muscle tone and pathological flexion reflexes. Understanding the cleft pyramidal syndrome has important clinical implications as it helps in localizing the lesion and differentiating various pathological conditions. Further research in this area will help expand our knowledge of the functional anatomy and pathology of the brain, as well as improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pyramidal disorders.

Split pyramidal syndrome occurs as a result of the predominance of some symptoms of pyramidal syndrome over others, while the presence of other symptoms may be absent, weakened or modified in comparison with the normal state of the central nervous system. This occurs due to isolated damage to any part of the pyramidal system, which is the basis of the nervous regulation of movements in humans.

Symptoms of pyramidal syndrome are divided into three main groups: + manifestations of insufficiency of central motor development (pelvic disorders) + paralysis or paresis of the muscles around the mouth + autonomic disorders. In one situation, motor disorders are manifested by motor disorders that can be clearly localized, in another, changes in behavior and psyche occur that complicate the perception and analysis of the surrounding world.

When the damage is within the pial system, pial insufficiency syndrome occurs, and in case of vascular pathology, cerebrovascular insufficiency syndrome occurs. If the development of the nervous network is significantly impaired both anteriorly and posteriorly, there are signs of polysyndromic failure. Since the vast majority of internal diseases change the overall functioning of the brain structure, the medical approach must be aimed at the etiology and pathogenetic