Transfection [Rance + (In)Ffecti]

Transfection is the process of reproducing a virus in a cell infected with isolated viral nucleic acid. This method is used in molecular biology to study the functions of genes and the mechanisms that underlie them.

During the process of transfection, foreign DNA or RNA is introduced into a cell, where it can be expressed and lead to changes in cellular functions. This technique can also be used for gene therapy, where a healthy gene is introduced into the body to replace a damaged gene.

There are several methods of transfection, including electroporation, calcium phosphate transfection, lipofection, and viral transfection. Viral transfection is the most common and effective transfection method.

Viral transfection involves the use of a viral vector that introduces foreign DNA or RNA into a cell. Vector viruses can be created from various viruses, such as Adenovirus, Retrovirus, Adenovirus-associated virus and others. Vector viruses have the ability to integrate foreign DNA or RNA into the cell's genome, which ensures stability and constancy of gene expression.

However, like any transfection method, viral transfection has its limitations and disadvantages. This may include the low efficiency of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into cells, the ability to trigger an immune response in the body, and the potential danger of using live viruses as a vector.

However, transfection remains a powerful tool in molecular biology and gene therapy. This method makes it possible to study the functions of genes and the mechanisms underlying them, as well as to develop new methods for treating genetic diseases.

Thus, transfection is an important method in molecular biology and gene therapy, which allows us to study the functions of genes and the mechanisms underlying them, as well as to develop new treatments for genetic diseases.

Transfection in biology and molecular genetics is the process of introducing nucleic acids (most often viruses) into a cell. "Transformation" can also be used. The term comes from the words “transfer” and “resist”, “overcome” (including in a figurative sense). In other words, it means transferring cells into cells. For this purpose, a donor of genomic characteristics is used, the material after manipulation at any level of organization of biopolymers to change the genomic content of somatic cells is called biomolecular material or material for genomic transformation of cells - FMT (transcription of transliterated genes). If a heterogeneous genomic mass is introduced into an artificial system, then a region with no evolutionary mechanisms is isolated - an artificial chimerge agent. In cloning, the phrase "animal cloning" or "animal cloning application" is commonly used because the process involves producing many identical clones that are distinct from individuals of a natural species. Ascaris expression replication agent (ASR) is a strain of the roundworm Taenia solium used for cloning because it was believed to be capable of transcription and translational activity in experimental subjects (i.e., does not require development). ASR assumed the use of a therapeutic (medical) genome. Edaphytes are called GMOs made under phytosanitary programs. Main differences: GMOs are man-made, natural evolution occurs faster and without human intervention. This is sometimes done by irradiating animals that are pathogenic for a given species with radiation, as a result of which the genetic material in the cells is changed, but resistance to antibiotics is not acquired. The efficiency of this technology ranges from several thousand to several million haploids per year. Other methods for the rapid creation of transgenic organisms are: microbiological genetic infection (for example, using fungi), biochemical genetics - artificial chromosomes, their modifiers, initiators and promoters. The microorganism that transfers the element to homeotic sites is called the microenvironment. The development of gene pools involves the invention of a set of functional genes. Most genes in somatic cells