Deutoplasm

Detoplasm or yolk is the component of the egg that contains all the necessary nutrients for the development of the embryo. It consists of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, and also contains many vitamins and minerals.

The yolk is surrounded by two layers of cells called follicular cells. They produce a protein that forms the vitelline membrane, which protects the yolk from damage. Inside the yolk membrane is the yolk sac, which contains the yolk.

In the eggs of some bird species, the yolk sac can be filled with 50-70% yolk, making it one of the most nutritious components of the egg. The yolk also contains a large amount of water, which is necessary for the growth of the embryo in the first days of life.

However, the yolk is not the only component of the egg. There are also other components such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins that are also necessary for the development of the embryo and its growth.

Thus, the yolk is an important component of the egg that provides nutrition to the embryo during the early stages of development. However, it is not the only source of nutrition, and the egg also contains other components that are necessary for the growth and development of the embryo.

Deutoplasm (from the Greek deutos - second and plasma - plasma, liquid) is a liquid medium that surrounds and permeates the egg, which is laid in the endodermal sac of the golfer embryo. In the egg, under the influence of the yolk, the subepithelial cavity of the blastocyst is transformed into an expanded cavity - deutoplasm.

First, the contents of the blastocysts (blastocoel) are released from the intestine of the embryo along the funnel, taking on a rounded shape, and fills the amniotic cavity of the blastocoel. An important stage in egg development and fertilization is the transition from blastoderasm to deutoplasmy. These two zones are located between the inner shell and the dense capsule of the blastula. The blastula folds and forms a dense, spirally twisted sac. This folded tube enlarges, the dense membrane is lysed and the contents from the blastula enter the deutoblast, which encloses it in the form of a ring. The blastocoel is sharply reduced in size, but remains flat. In golfia, the contents of deuteroplasm are represented by mesodermal and endodermal areas. The wall becomes smooth, the contents are significantly reduced and often cease to be recognizable during histological examination. After some time, a yolk sac is formed in the deutoplasm, bounded by a blastophore. The contents of the yellow vacuole are evenly mixed with the remnants of the contents in deutaplasia: the yolk sac contains the products of metabolism and synthesis of the embryo. After complete reduction of the blastocoel, the yolk sac is formed and the outer surface of the yolk sac will be peritonia. Next, the egg is filled with trophoblast - the outer cell mass, which in turn is covered with outer membranes. The inner part of the deutoplasma or yolk sac has a special shape - spherical, since it is limited by the developing embryotrophoblasts. When the yolk sac is created, partly by absorption and accumulation of yolk in the definitive product, the vitelline membrane develops. The aqueous portion of the yolk sac gradually merges with the extracellular environment through the shrinking egg cell. In front of it, a thin outer three-layer film is torn. The existence of yolk leads to changes in metabolism