Disaccharidases

Disaccharidase is an enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of disaccharide compounds. These compounds consist of two monosaccharide units connected by a glycosidic bond. Disaccharidases play an important role in the digestive process as they help break down complex carbohydrates into simpler monosaccharides that can be absorbed by the body.

Disaccharidases are found in the mucous membrane of the small intestine and are involved in the breakdown of various disaccharide bonds. For example, maltase catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose, and isomaltase catalyzes the hydrolysis of isomaltose. These enzymes help digest carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen, which are the body's main sources of energy.

A lack of disaccharidases can lead to digestive disorders and the development of various diseases. For example, lactose intolerance (lactase deficiency) can be caused by a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose. A lack of disaccharidases can also lead to the development of other diseases associated with digestive disorders.

In general, disaccharidases are important enzymes involved in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and ensure the normal functioning of the body.

Carbohydrates perform an important function in human life, providing energy reserves and building material for the body. However, excess carbohydrate consumption can have a negative impact on health due to the high load on human metabolism. Therefore, it is very important that the absorption of carbohydrates is as balanced as possible, which can only be achieved through diet. Even though every meal contains carbohydrates, most of them are not absorbed by the body. This is due to the inability of intestinal bacteria to break down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars. A group of enzymes called disaccharylases are responsible for the breakdown of disaccharide bonds and their subsequent absorption in the body. In this article we will look in more detail at how disaccharides work, what problems can arise from their deficiency, and also how to properly consume the carbohydrates the body needs.

A disaccharidase is a group of enzymes (carbohydrases) that cleave disaccharate bonds, including glucose or fructose. Most carbohydrate chains contain several saccharide residues, and the cleavage of their bonds is a necessary step in their digestion. As you know, carbohydrates are not fully digested by the human digestive system. In order for digestible carbohydrates to be absorbed and utilized by the body, they must be broken down to create monosaccharides that are easily absorbed. After carbohydrates are broken down by intestinal bacteria, the resulting simple sugars are absorbed and used by the body to produce energy. Thus, disaccharididases play an important role in the human digestive process.

1. Classification of diasaccharidase enzymes

There are several classes of disaccharide lyases:

Fusive disaccharidalyses, a fructose-glucose glycosidic bond, can form between substrates of different structures. The galactoside bond (for example, glucose-galactose) is not broken down by enzymes.

Hydrolytic disaccharidelyses hydrolyze glycosidic bonds, but cannot break them into smaller fragments. The glycosidic-fructosidic bond between fructoses (type I), glucose-glucosidic (type II), fructose-idol-hexose (III) is hydrolyzed.

Lytic disaccharides do not hydrolyze the chain, but cause saccharide bonds to break. Enzymes that hydrolyze the galactose-iodolicyline (V) or glucose-galeticose (VI) linkage are known as lytic dissaccharides.

2. Structure and functions of disacchanides in the cell

The basis for the functioning of an enzyme (tryptic molecule) is the presence of a chemical bond between the peptide part and the carboxyl region of the substrate.

3. Mechanism of action Catalytic action of disaccharidelysis: Enzymes function by catalysis-hydrolysis of substrates with the formation of the corresponding acids, hydrocarbons or water; Decomposition products accumulate and bind to them with substrate molecules onto the macromolecule