Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia (from the Greek dys - a prefix meaning disorder, disturbance and grapho - I write) is a partial specific violation of the writing process.
Dysgraphia manifests itself in repeated errors of a persistent nature. Unlike dyslexia, dysgraphia can manifest itself in writing with good development of oral speech and reading.

Depending on the type of disorder, the following types of dysgraphia are distinguished:

1. Articulatory-acoustic dysgraphia is associated with disorders of sound analysis and synthesis. Occurs due to incorrect correlation of sound and letter.
2. Acoustic dysgraphia - manifests itself in substitutions and distortions of letters in writing. The reason is the incorrect correlation of sound and letter, when the child confuses similar sounds or does not distinguish between them.
3. Motor (motor) dysgraphia - occurs due to motor skills disorders. When writing, the child skips or replaces letters, writes extra ones or repeats the same letters. The cause may be poor coordination of movements, weakness of the muscles of the hand.
4. Optical dysgraphia is characterized by substitutions and distortions of letters that the child confuses in appearance. Associated with a violation of visual analysis and synthesis, as well as with underdevelopment of visual gnosis.
5. Efferent motor dysgraphia is based on a violation of praxis. Manifests itself in repetition or omission of letter elements.
6. Afferent motor dysgraphia is associated with a violation of the kinesthetic image of the letter. In this case, the child does not feel the difference between the correct and incorrect spelling of a letter.
7. Mnestic (mnestic) dysgraphia occurs due to a violation of letter memorization. The child cannot remember the correct spelling of a letter.

The article describes the following aspects:

- Dysgraphia and agraphia. The main differences between them. - Causes of dysgraphia. - Treatment of dysgraphia. Methods for correcting writing skills.

From a statistical point of view, dysgraphia affects about 25% of children aged 8-10 years, that is, 9 million people. If you do not carry out diagnostics and speech therapy examination on your child, you may encounter serious problems when teaching your child at school. If dysgraphia is detected early in a child, it can be completely eliminated if you start correcting it in the first grade of school.