Empyemectomy

Empyemectomy (from ancient Greek ἔμπυε - milk + ancient Greek έκτομή - incision, dissection) is a surgical operation: removal of pus from the pleural cavity, usually by surgical intervention (peritomy). Analogous to pleurectomy. Sometimes also called a chest wall pleurectomy.

Empyemectomaia is a highly intense painful purulent process in the pleural cavity, characterized by the accumulation of pus in it with the formation of a large number of encysted cavities. Depending on the amount of affected tissue and the volume of its infiltration, they are divided into limited and total empyema.

Empyema received its name due to the characteristics of its development:

a) implusus - swelling of tissue in the area of ​​commissure; b) pneuoma - accumulation of pus; c) para - near (paracommissural abscess) or from outside (phlegmon or paraphlegmon).

Stages of the disease: - initial: isolated lung abscess with a high risk of its perforation, followed by a breakthrough into the lumen of the pleura and the formation of empyema, prone to lysis of the tissue of the pleural area and the creation of cavities in the form of emphysematous exudate; - chronic: the predominance of the formation of cavities filled with pus, which promotes the movement of the interfascial space from the thoracic to the topocellular zone and, when the latter are infected, can contribute to the development of focal pneumonia, especially when the cavities are located near the acinus. The main symptom of pulmonary empyema is suppuration. According to the clinical manifestations of the discharge, the exudate can be divided into mucopurulent; purulent-bloody-sequestered and putrefactive. These varieties are just the tip of the iceberg of the general pathological process in the lung, which began with suppuration or an abscess. When a purulent cavity forms, sputum becomes much more abundant: it is released during deep and prolonged coughs (200-300 ml or more), during sudden movements of the patient and takes on the character of liquid pus. The color of the sputum is white, sometimes with a slight greenish tint, mixed with blood and purulent or yellowish-greenish lumps (fibrin). Its consistency is viscous, in some cases almost gelatinous;