Esophagospasm (Diffuse Esophageal Spasm)

Esophagospasm (diffuse spasm of the esophagus) is an episodic functional disorder of esophageal peristalsis and spastic contraction of its wall. This pathology can be primary, resulting from cortical dysregulation of esophageal function, or secondary, resulting from increased sensitivity of the esophageal mucosa in various diseases.

Symptoms of esophagospasm include intermittent dysphagia, which can be paradoxical in nature - it occurs when taking liquids and is absent when swallowing dense and mushy foods. Dysphagia can be aggravated by eating cold or very hot food, smoking, drinking alcohol, hasty eating and other factors. In some cases, chest pain associated with swallowing is also noted.

To confirm the diagnosis, an X-ray examination is performed, which reveals various spastic deformations of the esophagus when swallowing a contrast suspension. Esophagomanometry allows you to assess the motor function of the esophagus and identify esophageal spasms.

Treatment for esophagospasm depends on its cause. For primary esophagospasm, a mechanically and thermally gentle diet, regular split meals, as well as the use of drug therapy using nitrates, calcium antagonists, anticholinergic drugs and antispasmodics are recommended. If esophagospasm is caused or supported by gastroesophageal reflux, prokinetics are recommended.

With secondary esophagospasm, it is first necessary to treat the underlying disease. Additionally, local treatment may be prescribed using local anesthetics, enveloping and antacid agents, as well as the use of sedatives and antidepressants. If there is no effect from conservative therapy, surgical treatment - esophagomyotomy - may be required.

Overall, esophagospasm is a serious condition that can lead to significant impairment of quality of life. Therefore, if appropriate symptoms appear, you must consult a doctor and begin treatment.