Cosmetic facial skin care

For results to exceed expectations, you need proper facial skin care; an experienced cosmetologist would call this a systematic ritual. After all, it is daily manipulations, using the right means and tactics, that allow you to achieve the desired effect, and most importantly, do not harm the skin.

A lady with a well-groomed appearance is beautiful, fashionable, and has status. Such women feel more confident and attract the attention of others. To join this category of well-groomed beauties, you don’t have to wait for Monday, you need to start today and right now!

A visit to a cosmetologist will certainly affect the quality of your skin, but since not every woman has the time and funds for this event, we decided to help and share the main secrets and advice of facial care professionals.

We recommend reading about: biorevitalization Aquashine.

Determine your skin type

To achieve impressive results, there are many ways and means designed for women of different ages and inclined to spend different amounts of money on their faces.

However, regardless of how cheap or expensive the manipulations are, they must be suitable for a certain skin type, which is easy to determine at home in different ways.

Using a mirror and magnifying glass

You need to carefully examine all areas of the face, evaluate the color of the dermis, the presence of a characteristic oily sheen or dullness, and porosity.

Using a paper towel

Before testing, you need to wash your face with a neutral product and pat dry with a napkin. Without using any cosmetics, wait 20 minutes.

After which: take a paper towel or napkin, place it on your face and, carefully pressing, achieve tight contact with the skin.

Leave on your face for 10 minutes, then remove and carefully examine the prints. Traces of fat are signs of oily skin; a clean or moderately soaked napkin indicates normal or dry skin.

Using a mirror surface

It is enough to briefly hold a mirror to a clean face to see traces of sebum on it. If there are different results on different areas of the skin, it is combination.

Having chosen one of the tests and carried out it, you need to compare the results obtained with typical characteristics:

1. Oily skin is thick, with a characteristic oily sheen and enlarged pores. She is prone to acne breakouts and inflammation. The advantage is that it does not age for a long time.
2. Dry skin is thin, delicate, like paper, its pores are narrowed. In youth it has an even pinkish tint, but becomes problematic with age. Through a magnifying glass you can see areas of peeling, hyperemia, and the presence of fine wrinkles even at a young age.
3. Normal skin – balanced in terms of oil and water, looks fresh and healthy. With age, it needs care, systematic nutrition and hydration.
4. Combination skin is oily in the T-zone, and very dry in other areas of the face.

It is important that when we properly care for facial skin, choosing products according to its type, it immediately responds to care with radiance and freshness.

Your skin type may change

Taking into account the recommendations of cosmetologists, skin testing should be carried out periodically. Since its type can change several times during life. It depends on the:

1. Seasons (summer – fatter, summer – drier).
2. Changes in hormonal levels (lack or excess of hormones).
3. Diet (food should have enough polyunsaturated fatty acids).
4. Health conditions (some medications cause dry skin).

Find out more about caring for combination and problem skin. This will help you quickly get rid of oily shine and blackheads!

See what cosmetic products should include in proper care for problem skin.

Choose the right facial care for your skin type

In addition to caregivers, cosmetic facial skin care can have negative sides if you do not follow special rules.

For oily skin:

1. It is strictly forbidden to dry it with alcohol tonics and lotions.
2. It is not recommended to treat with oil-based nourishing cream.
3. Products must be tested for comedogenicity.

For dry skin:

1. Avoid using low-fat products.
2. For cleansing, use light, gentle products that do not have an aggressive effect.
3. The composition of caring and decorative products must contain ultraviolet protection.
4. Be sure to moisturize in the summer, and nourish with fatty creams in the winter.

For sensitive skin:

1. Avoid contrasting temperatures (steaming, rubbing with ice).
2. Use the products after testing on the wrist.
3. Do not use formulations with microparticles that can damage the skin.
4. Moisturize your face throughout the day.

Choose the right care for sensitive skin! If you do this, you will forget about redness forever!

Caring for oily and sensitive skin is an even more difficult task. Find out what secrets will help you forget about your problems!

After age 35, your face begins to dry out and become more sensitive. Find out how to keep your skin youthful and healthy by following the link:

For combination skin:

1. Use appropriate cleansing, nourishing, moisturizing and protecting products for the areas of the face.

For normal skin:

1. It is important to maintain its condition - not to dry it out.
2. Do not expose to aggressive atmosphere - use protective equipment.
3. Use cosmetics recommended by cosmetologists based on age.

Improper care can harm the dermis, aggravate its condition, and lead to undesirable consequences.

Cleansing and exfoliating products

To rid your face of oil, sweat and bacteria, it is not enough just to wash your face with water. The skin must be thoroughly cleansed, removing dead epidermal cells. This will help the beneficial substances of the cream penetrate the dermis without hindrance.

Proper facial care involves the use of the following products, which any experienced cosmetologist will approve:

1. Cosmetic milk. Suitable for surface cleansing, does not penetrate into deeper layers.
2. Alkaline-free foam. It is applied to a fabric glove, which is used to gently wipe the face.
3. Peeling creams based on fruit acids dissolve dirt from the surface and have a bactericidal effect.
4. Scrubs containing crushed fruit seeds, exotic fruit seeds and other natural abrasives.
5. Clay mask.

Without these actions, even a super-effective remedy will not have an effect on the dermis and will not bring results.

Do you need a toner?

After cleansing, the skin, regardless of type, sharply loses moisture. To normalize the water balance and restore turgor within a short time, it is necessary to apply a tonic to the dermis. Moreover, the most effective way to apply it is not with a cotton pad, but spray it as a spray.

Soft and gentle tonics containing amino acids and natural ingredients have proven themselves to be excellent.

How do cosmetologists advise applying the cream?

The delicate dermis of the face can be injured, so all actions should be light and gentle - patting, fluttering, tapping. Which method is the best - care tips are not highlighted, and each lady is given the opportunity to choose the one that is more comfortable for herself.

The cream is applied to the face with both hands in certain directions:

1. From the center of the forehead to the temples.
2. From the bridge of the nose to the outer corners of the eyes to the upper eyelid, and in the opposite direction - under the eyes.
3. From the nose along the cheeks to the temples.
4. Around the lips - above and below the center in both directions.
5. From the middle of the neck in both directions upward.

Important! Nourishing creams and serums should be applied to a moisturized face, and products with an ultraviolet barrier should be applied to a dry face.

Stages of applying cosmetics

The stages of facial skin care are the same for all types; only cosmetic products for these procedures, selected on the advice of cosmetologists, are individual. Basic steps:

1. Cleansing. Using lotions, foams, scrubs and peels.
2. Hydration. Saturation with moisture will provide elasticity, freshness to the skin, and give it a healthy appearance.
3. Toning. The PH environment of the epidermis is restored, the skin becomes more receptive to the active components of creams.
4. Nutrition. Skin nutrition is the main task for mature ladies; it is recommended to use high-quality cosmetics in accordance with age recommendations.
5. Protection. Protects the dermis from the aggressive effects of the atmosphere and adverse external factors.
6. Regeneration. Activates collagen production, improves metabolism, makes the skin holistic and uniform due to its renewal.

Secrets of cosmetologists for facial care

Regularity and thoroughness are simple tips from a cosmetologist for facial care that will give effective and stable results.

Then you must learn about facial care in a beauty salon! After all, professional procedures will not only take off 10-15 years, but will also revive your skin!

If you are just starting to understand cosmetics, we advise you to read about how to choose facial care.

For women over 40, it is especially important to update your cosmetics set to maintain youth. You can find out how to do this correctly by following this link:

The website of cosmetologists is filled with recommendations, among which several can be identified, combining them into rules:

1. It is harmful to wash your face with tap water; it is better to replace it with mineral water, boiled water or enriched with herbal decoctions.
2. Apply the cream to your face in the morning - 40 minutes before going out, in the evening - at least an hour before bed. Be sure to remove any residue with a napkin, otherwise you will experience swelling on your face in the morning.
3. Apply any creams to absolutely clean skin.
4. The effect of the cream does not depend on the thickness of its layer on the face. Do not weigh down or overload the dermis.
5. All remedies begin to work when the body is in a relaxed state.

Cosmetologists advise the stronger sex to also use cosmetics. Find out more about what men are advised to include in facial care and buy the right cosmetics!

Popular facial treatment from a cosmetologist

The beauty industry does not stand still and gives women the opportunity to choose the most comfortable procedures for themselves. Advice from cosmetologists regarding the use of salon methods makes you want to experience their miraculous power for yourself. Now popular:

1. Ultrasonic cleaning. Water is supplied in waves deep into the skin and is sucked out along with toxins.
2. Galivation. Therapeutic cleansing of the deep layers of skin at the cell level, tightens pores, eliminates wrinkles.

They have a positive effect on the condition of the dermis in the upper and deep layers and improve its condition.

Find out how to choose the right cosmetic facial care:

Cosmetological facial cleansing

Cosmetic care begins with facial cleansing, which restores the respiratory function of the skin and stimulates metabolic processes.

Cleaning is done manually or using special tools and devices such as:

1. Brushing.
2. Ultrasound.
3. Vacuum.

This procedure is in demand among visitors to beauty salons and gives good results.

Peelings

Cosmetologists reveal the secrets of the excellent skin condition of many stars - they all do regular peelings.

There are three types of peeling to choose from:

1. Soft superficial, without the use of aggressive means and manipulations.
2. Median. Exfoliates a deeper layer of skin, eliminates wrinkles, evens out tone.
3. Deep. It is carried out using acids of significant concentration. It can smooth out not only wrinkles, but also scars.

Peels are mechanical, hardware and chemical.

Face massage

Cosmetology welcomes facial massage as an excellent cosmetic procedure that allows you to achieve an effect comparable to surgery. Massage:

1. Corrects facial contour.
2. Improves microcirculation, which affects appearance.
3. Smoothes out wrinkles.

After the massage, the face looks refreshed and rejuvenated.

Biorevitalization

This is a method of intensive impact on the deep layers of the dermis with drugs designed to restore youth, firmness and elasticity to the skin. The main active drug is hyaluronic acid, which the body needs as we age. This substance is injected under the skin:

1. By injection.
2. Laser.
3. Ultrasound.
4. Low frequency current.

After all the manipulations, the face looks renewed, radiant and moisturized. Read more about biorevitalization here.

We present a guide to the types of cosmetics that you cannot do without in your daily skin care. Why are they needed, in what formats are they produced, what components do they contain - we’ll tell you everything in detail.

1. Types of Skin Care Products
2. Cleansing
3. Toning
4. Hydration
5. Nutrition
6. Anti-aging care
7. Sun protection
8. Cosmetics for the care of different skin types

Types of Skin Care Products

Healthy and well-groomed facial skin is one of the main parameters by which we evaluate not only a person’s appearance, but also a person’s success. It is not surprising that women, and men too, have recently been spending more and more time and money on self-care. Cosmetics are the first assistants in this matter. Among the main formats are:

1. creams;
2. lotions and tonics;
3. serums;
4. masks;
5. gels and foams for cleansing.

According to their properties, they are divided into the following categories:

Cosmetics are the first assistants in self-care. © iStock

Cleansing

The main task of cleansers is to rid the top layer of skin of dead horn cells, makeup and impurities. Below is our small rating of cleansing and makeup remover products.

Exfoliating cleansing gel for daily use Biosource Daily Exfoliating Gelée, Biotherm

Gently exfoliates dead epidermal cells to:

the skin looked fresh and radiant;

update processes took place without interference;

it did not reach the point of hyperkeratosis or clogged pores and comedones.

Lipid-restoring cream-gel for face and body of babies, children and adults Lipikar Syndet AP+, La Roche-Posay

The gentle cleansing formula contains shea butter, niacinamide and Aqua Posay Filiformis, an innovative active ingredient that helps relieve atopic skin. Restores and strengthens the lipid barrier.

Gel-foam for the face “Basic care” with grape extract, Garnier

The name states that grape extract is a natural source of antioxidants. The product neutralizes oxidative stress, fights oily shine, removes impurities and refreshes the skin.

Cleansing oil Blanc:chroma, Shu Uemura

Removes waterproof makeup, as well as dead skin cells, so that it gradually acquires radiance and smoothness. Contains Japanese charcoal and tea enzyme.

Toning

The main purpose of tonics and lotions is to restore the pH balance of the skin and prepare for subsequent care. They also complete the cleansing process, and this is not a myth, but a reality: the evidence will appear on a cotton pad if you rub it over your face immediately after washing.

Tonic “Absolute tenderness”, L’Oréal Paris

Designed specifically for skin prone to sensitivity and dryness. Gallic rose and lotus extracts are responsible for toning, moisturizing, softening, feeling fresh and comfortable.

Soothing toner for sensitive skin of the face and eyes, La Roche-Posay

Effectively removes makeup, soothes and protects the skin. The physiological pH level allows you to restore the acid-base balance, optimal for facial skin.

Transformative lotion for smoothness and radiance of facial skin Énergie De Vie, Lancôme

It will be useful for anyone whose skin has suddenly become dull, dry and shows obvious signs of fatigue. Extracts of lemon balm, gentian and goji berries fill with energy, moisturize and have an anti-stress effect. And reflective microparticles ensure radiance.

Pore-tightening cleansing lotion Normaderm, Vichy

Contains exfoliating components, but there is no drying effect - amazing quality for a product addressed to problem skin.

Hydration

The main task of such formulas is to supply moisture to the skin, retain it and form a protective film on the surface of the epidermis that prevents water from evaporating. How to choose the perfect moisturizer? Consider your skin type, as well as its condition and needs, which may vary depending on the time of year.

Aquafluid for the face “Genius of Moisturizing” for normal and combination skin, L’Oréal Paris

Thanks to its light consistency, it is quickly absorbed and begins to work on hydration. It is provided by aloe juice and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid, which acts immediately in five layers of the epidermis, maintaining the result for up to 72 hours.

Armani Prima Moisture Serum, Giorgio Armani

The description of this product on the brand’s website includes the word “intelligent.” And all because the serum, when applied to the skin, reacts to the degree of hydration of different areas of the face and is distributed in accordance with these indicators. Contains hyaluronic acid and seaweed extract.

Moisturizing facial cream-gel Maxi:hydrability, Shu Uemura

3-in-1 product: cream, essence, lotion - has a powerful moisturizing effect thanks to aquaporins, yuzu citrus extract, glycerin. Suitable for those with normal to combination skin aged 20–30 years.

Daily gel-serum for skin exposed to aggressive external influences, Mineral 89, Vichy

The number 89 means the percentage in the formula of Vichy mineralizing thermal water, which is rich in 15 minerals that have a beneficial effect on the skin. The formula is enhanced with hyaluronic acid to immediately and permanently saturate skin cells with moisture.

Sheet mask “Moisturizing + Anti-stress”, Garnier

In 15 minutes, it saturates the skin with moisture thanks to moisturizing serum and hyaluronic acid, and at the same time helps to relax due to the aroma of lavender oil. You can learn more about sheet masks from different beauty brands (not just Garnier) here.

Nutrition

Nourishing cream for deep skin restoration Nutritic Intense Riche, La Roche-Posay

The cream has a rich texture. It gently envelops the skin, intensively restoring the upper layers of the epidermis, increases the protective function due to the content of shea butter, and restores comfort and softness.

Extraordinary face cream-oil “Luxury of nutrition”, L’Oréal Paris

Despite the functionality that provides nutrition, the cream has a light texture and the ability to spread and absorb well, without leaving a feeling of stickiness or grease. Active ingredients include lavender, rosemary, and jasmine oils.

Anti-aging care

Among its main tasks are the correction of wrinkles, as well as the preservation of firmness and elasticity, the prevention of age-related changes, hydration and nutrition.

Restoring cream against visible age-related changes Blue Therapy Accelerated Cream, Biotherm

The dense texture is comfortable to use. A high-tech composition, including V-peptides and tightening polymers, works to strengthen the skin and give clarity to facial contours.

Cream that reduces wrinkles and prevents their appearance, Powerful Wrinkle Reducing Cream, SPF 30, Kiehl’s

This universal product will do everything possible for mature skin with obvious signs of aging, and even more. Thanks to the formula with copper and calcium pyrrolidone carbonate, as well as shea butter, it reduces the depth of wrinkles, restores collagen fibers, and makes the skin elastic and smooth.

Anti-aging day cream LiftActiv Collagen Specialist, Vichy

A cream with peptides that stimulate collagen production and vitamin C tones the skin and also fights wrinkles and dullness.

Intensive concentrated anti-aging care Redermic Retinol, La Roche-Posay

Featuring one of the world's most powerful anti-aging ingredients, the advanced formula features sustained-release retinol, plus ingredients like Hepes (stimulates cell turnover) and skin-soothing neurosensin.

Sun protection

Once again we remind you that exposure to the sun without protective cosmetics is harmful. Creams with SPF filters will prevent photoaging (pigment spots and wrinkles) and neutralize oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet radiation.

Sunscreen for face and eye area Anthelios Shaka fluid, SPF 50+, La Roche-Posay

Reliably protects the skin from ultraviolet exposure in the city and on the beach, is resistant to water and sweat and at the same time has a very light (and invisible on the skin) innovative texture. Shake before use - hence the name "shaka".

Sunscreen refreshing transparent spray with aloe vera Ambre Solaire “Solar Water”, SPF 50, Garnier

A two-phase lightweight product with a very high degree of protection, moisturizing effect and non-sticky texture, suitable for both face and body. Read about the rules for using sunscreens and the sequence of their application here.

Cosmetics for the care of different skin types

Fat

Needs matting, regulation of sebum secretion and control of oily sheen. It is susceptible to the appearance of imperfections, so it requires cosmetics to have an antibacterial effect.

Ultra Facial Oil-Free Gel Cream, Kiehl’s

Suitable for normal, combination, oily and oily skin. Perfectly moisturizes, does not leave a sticky film or greasy sheen, and does not clog pores. Skin looks fresh and healthy.

Combined

Oily in the T-zone and prone to dryness in the U-zone, this skin needs care using products for oily and dry skin. One of the main rules is thorough cleansing.

Day moisturizing face cream “Youthful glow”, Garnier

The “Plant Cells of Youth + Caffeine Extract” complex works in 4 directions:

stimulates cellular renewal;

smoothes out the first wrinkles;

Dry

As the name implies, it lacks moisture and is therefore susceptible to dullness, premature wrinkles and the appearance of dehydration lines. Formulas for dry skin should contain hydro-fixing agents such as hyaluronic acid.

Retexturing Activator, SkinCeuticals

The patented formula stimulates the natural exfoliation process, moisturizes and strengthens the skin's protective barrier, thereby improving its appearance. Suitable for men too.

Problematic

Most often, oily skin that lacks proper care falls into this category. As a result, imperfections such as pimples, blackheads, and excess shine appear on it. To combat them, deep cleansing is recommended, for example, using clay-based cosmetics. In addition, care products with mattifying, exfoliating and sebum-regulating effects will be useful.

Double-action corrective day care Normaderm Phytosolution, Vichy

An innovative approach to breakout-prone skin, this formula features a probiotic ingredient, exfoliating salicylic acid, and hyaluronic acid to maintain hydration.

Rare Earth Pore Cleansing Masque, Kiehl’s

It perfectly cleanses pores and promotes their noticeable narrowing, helps remove dead cells from the surface of the skin, and reduces oily shine. Suitable for normal, oily and oily skin types.

One of the main causes of skin diseases is disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and especially the intestines.

Enterosorbents of plant origin can help get rid of various types of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins.

Lack of timely cleansing of harmful substances can negatively affect the condition of the skin.

Modern enterosorbent agents can normalize the intestinal microflora, which usually has a positive effect on skin health.

Acne, redness and other skin problems are often the result of gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Skin problems can be caused by both external and internal reasons.

Often, rashes on the face indicate problems with the gallbladder, stomach, intestines or liver.

The cause of skin problems may include various types of pathogenic bacteria and toxins that disrupt the balance of normal intestinal microflora.

Problematic facial skin may be the result of poor diet or long-term use of medications.

You can find out how your skin condition depends on your diet by passing a special test.

Lactofiltrum ® is a natural enterosorbent that removes various types of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins from the intestines. This can have a positive effect on the condition of the skin.

To learn more.

No matter what they say when they want to highlight the beauty of the skin. It is called silky, radiant, delicate... However, not everyone can boast of such skin: it is influenced by the environmental situation, the nature of nutrition, and the choice of care products. We will talk about what proper skin care is and what features it has.

How to develop an individual skin care program

We all dream of facial skin care being as effective as possible. This means that he took into account all her individual characteristics. In total, there are four types of skin in cosmetology - normal, oily, dry and combination. To determine what type your skin is, we list their main features:

1. Oily skin. The main symptom is increased sebum secretion and oily sheen. The skin looks bad, the pores are enlarged. Oily skin is prone to the appearance of comedones and acne. But small facial wrinkles appear on it relatively late.
2. Dry skin - the opposite of fat. Sebum secretion is reduced, the skin does not shine, but has a matte tint, and may peel. Dry skin is thinner and more delicate, but wrinkles appear on it faster, sometimes even before the age of 30. Pores on this type of skin are almost invisible.
3. Normal skin - the golden mean, which is relatively rare. In normal skin, sebum production is moderate, the skin may shine, but only in the T-zone, the pores are usually small and enlarged only in the central part of the face. Typically, skin of this type is resistant to external and internal factors, its condition is “smooth” throughout the year.
4. Combination skin combines the characteristics of the three types listed above. Those with combination skin may have enlarged pores in the T-zone, increased sebum secretion in some areas of the face, and periodic comedones and acne. Typically, combination skin is not prone to early aging [1].

All these features must be taken into account when choosing facial skin care products. After all, if you use those creams and lotions that “don’t suit” your skin type, you can get the opposite effect: care will not only not give results, but can also worsen the appearance. For example, if owners of dry skin use peels with rough exfoliating particles, they can easily injure it [2]. And those with oily skin who use sebum-regulating products need to maintain a balance, otherwise they can dry out the surface layers of the skin, while the global problem remains unresolved [3].

So, the main principle of proper skin care at home is to select it according to the type. If you have normal skin, then you can create a care program yourself, based on common recommendations. We advise those with dry, oily and especially combination skin to contact specialists - cosmetologists or dermatologists. This is how you can choose those care products that will solve problems and not aggravate them.

In any case, whether you select products yourself or seek the help of a specialist, your facial skin care program will include three stages: cleansing, toning and nutrition. However, the list of care products and recommended procedures will differ in each specific case.

Care for normal skin

It may seem the simplest, but it has its own characteristics. In particular, for washing you should use products that do not contain antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components. Scrubs should not be used more than once a week. It is better not to choose alcohol-based products that dry out the skin at all, but instead use cosmetics with herbal ingredients: extracts of chamomile, aloe, calendula, tea tree. They even out the texture of the skin and improve its appearance.

Day creams for normal skin should contain a sunscreen to prevent drying. To moisturize facial skin at home, it is better to use non-occlusive products, that is, those that do not form a film on the surface [5]. Usually these are not creams, but gels, which include proteins, polysaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans.

Rules for caring for oily skin

Oily skin requires special care that does not provoke increased activity of the sebaceous glands and does not dry out the surface layer of the epidermis. You also need to remember that oily skin has a lower concentration of linoleic acid. This leads to the fact that the epidermal barrier protects the skin less well from various pathogens of irritation and inflammation. This is why oily skin often suffers from redness.

Main directions for caring for oily skin:

1. high-quality cleansing;
2. bactericidal treatment of skin;
3. decreased activity of the sebaceous glands;
4. hydration;
5. elimination of areas of increased density (sebum accumulates on them and defects occur) [7].

For washing, it is recommended to choose products with a neutral (7) or acidic pH (4.5–5.2): a shift in acidity in the opposite direction increases the risk of bacterial growth. It is better to take the so-called soap without soap, that is, not containing alkali. These are products containing ammonium lactate. Zinc lactate will help regulate sebum secretion and “dry” the skin softly and delicately [8]. After washing your face 2-3 times a week, you can further cleanse your skin with a scrub. It will help remove skin particles that do not exfoliate on their own. You can use exfoliating creams or gels containing synthetic particles.

To tone the skin, it is better to use products that do not contain alcohol. These can be tonics and lotions based on plant extracts, in particular those containing chamomile, calendula, and aloe.

Sometimes those with oily skin believe that they don’t need moisturizing. Of course, this is not true, but moisturizers should not have a heavy, dense texture and impede breathing and sebum flow. To moisturize your facial skin, it is better to use not a cream, but a gel, serum or milk. If the skin is prone to inflammation, then nutritional products should include anti-inflammatory components, for example, bisabolol [9]. But we must remember that gels are not recommended for use in the cold: in winter they are only suitable for night care [10].

Dry skin care

Dry skin can be congenital, genetic, but sometimes occurs during life. In particular, the level of sebum production is associated with hormonal levels - as you approach menopause, dry skin increases. This may also be a consequence of improper care, for example, frequent peelings [11].

Caring for dry skin should be very gentle. When washing your face, it is not recommended to use cleansers that produce a lot of foam: they “wash away” lipids from the skin. It is advisable that the cleanser contains oils or other fatty components. You should also not wash your face with hot water: it should be at a comfortable temperature.

To care for dry skin, it is recommended to use products containing ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids. These substances help normalize the outer skin barrier. If the leather has cracks, use products that create a thin film that retains water. Paraffins and glycerin have this property, which can serve as a means of express help: when used, the water balance of the skin is quickly restored [12]. Of the caring masks, those with gel or cream textures are recommended. Masks containing clay, especially popular today, must be kept on the face until it dries, because after that the skin also begins to dry out [13]. Clay masks can be covered with film on top.

Often with dry skin, thickening and hyperkeratosis are observed. In this case, you can, with caution, use emulsions or creams with acids - salicylic, citric, glycolic, malic.

Additionally, it is recommended to monitor the level of air humidity (it is advisable to use household humidifiers) and diet. Consumption of fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids has a positive effect on dry skin. They promote the production of lipids that improve the condition of the epidermal barrier [14].

Proper care for combination skin

The peculiarities of caring for combination skin are explained by the nuances of its structure. Increased activity of the sebaceous glands in the T-zone requires close attention. When cleansing combination skin, peelings are recommended twice a week. This will make facial skin cleansing more effective and speed up the absorption of the active components of creams. However, if there is inflammation in the T-zone, then peeling is not worth doing.

The second point is the stage of skin nutrition: different products should be used for different areas. For example, mattifying and drying creams should be applied to areas of increased activity of the sebaceous glands. But creams with a pronounced moisturizing effect are recommended for use on the cheeks and forehead.

Anti-aging care

With age, a number of changes occur in the body as a whole and, accordingly, in the layers of the epidermis in particular: metabolism and tissue renewal slow down, water content decreases, which ultimately leads to loss of tone. Changes in hormonal balance also affect the condition of the skin: moisture is retained less, fine wrinkles form more easily. That is why an anti-aging skin care program should be comprehensive; ideally, anti-age therapy concerns the whole body. And directly for the face are shown:

1. biorevitalization - injections of hyaluronic acid;
2. ozone therapy - exposure to ozone on the skin;
3. photorejuvenation - photolaser irradiation;
4. face massage;
5. the use of retinoic acid - a synthetic analogue of vitamin A, responsible for the renewal of skin cells.

These measures are aimed at improving tone, replenishing water deficiency, protecting against free radicals - molecules that can destroy proteins and activate the aging process of cells [15]. However, the anti-aging care procedure contains so many nuances that it is a topic for a separate large article.

Care for problem skin

And of course, we can’t help but touch on the topic of caring for problem skin. After all, each of us faces irritation, rashes, and increased pigmentation at least from time to time. What to do in this case?

1. Erythrosis and rosacea (redness of the skin - temporary or permanent - and the presence of dilated blood vessels on the skin). For these problems, you need to pay attention to very gentle cleansing, use products without abrasive (solid) particles and alcohol; caring cosmetics can be applied with special devices, for example, cosmetic mittens. It is also necessary to use protective equipment, avoid aggressive effects on the skin, and avoid visiting baths, saunas, and taking hot baths. You can conduct courses of phototherapy (light treatment), mesotherapy (subcutaneous administration of drugs), in case of severe erythrosis, use preparations of azelaic acid, metronidazole, and do ice massage [16].
2. Seborrhea - disruption of the sebaceous glands. It manifests itself as increased sebaceous production, peeling of the skin, and thickening of the upper layer of the epidermis. To cleanse the skin with seborrhea, you can use milk based on herbal ingredients; it is not recommended to use alcohol-containing products (only locally). To improve the condition of the skin, you can take sulfur or mineral baths [17].
3. Acne and acne. Let’s focus on care options for mild cases of the disease (severe problems may require complex treatment, including the use of antibiotics). When dealing with acne, special attention should be paid to cleansing the skin: each procedure should last two to three minutes, and more time should be devoted to problem areas. To tone the skin, you should choose products that do not contain alcohol; you can take lotions and tonics based on chamomile, sage, and products with a low content of fruit acids. Once a week you can do peeling and clay-based masks that will tighten the pores. Experts recommend mechanical cleaning, including the use of ultrasound, once every couple of weeks [18].
4. Hyperpigmentation — skin pigmentation disorders are caused by various reasons, including age-related changes. There are several options to combat this problem: from the use of bleaching agents to professional procedures, such as laser peeling. To whiten facial skin, you can make peelings with phytic and mandelic acids. For patients with age-related hyperpigmentation, hardware peeling or laser treatment is recommended [19].

To solve skin problems, complex therapy should be used. In some cases, as we have already mentioned, antibiotics are prescribed and antifungal drugs may be required. As is known, many skin problems are associated with pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract [20]. That is why, in order to improve the condition of the skin, sorbents are often prescribed that help rid the body of toxins: “White Coal”, “Smecta”, “Enterosgel”, “Lactofiltrum” and others.

Help in the fight for beautiful and healthy skin

Skin problems, as we said above, can be caused by various reasons. Often, the unsatisfactory condition of the skin is caused by disrupted functioning of the gastrointestinal tract - after all, there is a well-known expression that health comes from within. That is why, to improve the condition of the skin, drugs are often used that can cleanse the intestines of harmful substances and normalize the intestinal microflora. Sorbents that cleanse the intestines and prebiotics that stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli can cope with this task. One of the drugs of this type is Laktofiltrum. It simultaneously has a double effect: it rids the body of toxins, allergens, bacteria due to the content of lignin (sorbent) and helps normalize the intestinal microflora thanks to the prebiotic component lactulose. Due to the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract, the skin condition usually improves. This approach is largely justified, because it is not a disguise of problems, but their true solution “from the inside.”

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