Polygnathia

Polygnathia is a rare genetic disorder that occurs as a result of a mutation in the gene responsible for jaw development. Impaired development of the dental system can lead to a variety of problems with the health and functioning of the jaws, which can affect a person's quality of life, appearance, and ability to communicate effectively with others. The article discusses the causes and symptoms of this disease, as well as methods for its diagnosis and treatment.

Polygnathia is a rare hereditary congenital disease that affects the human dental system. This is usually an inherited mutation of the gene that is responsible for the formation of the jaw and controls its development. As a result of this mutation, the jaws do not develop as they should or do not develop at all. The development of such a pathology is facilitated by external factors, the influence of which is the premature cessation or poor development of tooth germs. Therefore, polygnathia is classified as a developmental defect in the early embryonic period.

Two types of polygnathia are known: bilateral (polyodontia), when teeth are missing on both sides, and unilateral (monodont-polyodontia) - the absence of a tooth on one side of the jaw while adjacent teeth are formed simultaneously. Removing the entire dental arch from one or both jaws almost always leads to the formation of dental anomalies: in disocclusal forms there is a gap between the upper and lower teeth, a displacement of the latter towards the midline. Often a “cracked” palatine vault is formed, and the maxillary sinuses protrude from the nasal side. The anterior segment of the dental arch often lacks upper incisors; sometimes they are present