Stereoisomers

Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different spatial arrangements of their atoms. The atomic structures of stereoisomers are mirror images of each other.

Stereoisomers can differ in the configuration of the atoms in the molecule, that is, in their relative location in space. For example, optical isomers (enantiomers) are mirror images of each other, like right and left hands.

In addition, stereoisomers can have different conformations - rotation around single bonds leads to a change in the shape of the molecule in space.

The presence of stereoisomers is of great importance in organic chemistry, pharmacology and biochemistry. Stereoisomers often have different physical and chemical properties, despite identical qualitative and quantitative composition.

Stereoisomers (from ancient Greek στερεός - solid; iso - identical and μείρομαι - divide, divide) are compounds that have the same qualitative and quantitative composition, but different spatial configurations of molecules and, therefore, different physical and chemical properties.

A stereoisomer is a molecule that has the same chemical formula as another molecule, but differs only in the arrangement of its atoms in space. For example, if we have two substances that have the same composition, then they are called stereoisomers.

In chemistry, stereoisomers are often used to separate isomers that may have the same chemical properties but different physical properties. This can be useful for determining the structure of a molecule and its properties.

One example of stereoisomers are enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other and have different physical properties such as optical activity. Another example is cis-trans isomers, which are also mirror images of each other, but have different physical and chemical properties due to their spatial configuration.

The study of stereoisomers is important for many fields of science, such as chemistry, physics, biology and medicine. They are used as tools to study molecular structures and properties and to develop new drugs and materials.

Thus, stereoisomers are an important tool for studying the molecular structure and properties of substances, and their use continues to expand in various fields of science and technology.

Stereoisomerism is the phenomenon of mutual rotation of atomic and molar nuclei in molecules of organic compounds, in which atoms and groups of atoms in identical (equivalent) places are in different sequences, or occupy, counting from one selected vertex of the molecule, different positions, different numbers of atoms of the chain according to these positions, including the position of the core group of the hydrocarbon skeleton. When we talk about stereoisomers, we mean a compound with the same composition, and therefore the same molecular formula, which contains some elements of the molecules not in the same position, but mirrored. In other words, two substances that have the same set of chemical bonds are responsible for the same chemical property, but differ in the position of the molecules relative to their symmetry axes. Among them, there is not one isomer with zero contribution to the final result of the reaction. The probability of its formation or transition to it is only 50%. The remaining half is converted to the second stereomer. For example, during the phenylation of para-dimethylbenzene, with increasing temperature and access to a halogen, the chromophile “spreads” around the ring—otherwise known as dehydrogenation. As a result, 2,6-dibromo-4-phenylbiphenyl and 4-bromobenzylphenylisopropyl methyl ether are formed. The splitting of one hydrogen atom while the original base is still