Anesthesia Regional

Regional anesthesia is one of the types of pain relief. It is carried out by local impact on the area of ​​the nerve or plexus innervating the area of ​​edema. At the same time, reflexes are preserved. It often develops in the postoperative period and is used during trauma operations. In the later stages of pregnancy, regional anesthesia is used, ensuring the transfer of the child from the pelvic area to the forehead. Regional anesthesia is usually not indicated for surgical treatment. However, during extraperitoneal operations in the laparoscopy mode, it is possible to use regional anesthesia of the abdominal cavity. It is also possible to use it in seriously ill patients to quickly bring them out of anesthesia after complex interventions. There are age restrictions on the use of regional anesthesia - for children under 2 years of age. Used for surgical treatment of inguinal and umbilical hernias in adults.

The main contraindications for the use of regional anesthesia are: uncompensated diabetes mellitus, malignant diseases and severe liver and kidney dysfunction.

Complete regional anesthesia refers to anesthesia in which pain impulses are blocked in more than half of the extremities, such as an arm, leg or both legs, which is also accompanied by an analgesic effect on the anterior surface of the torso. Local anesthetics can damage the spinal region, which is accompanied by the likelihood of developing dysfunction of the pelvic organs or spinal cord. Therefore, in patients with neurological diseases, intervertebral hernia and tumors in the abdominal cavity and pelvis, local anesthesia of these areas is contraindicated. For the peripheral part of the abdominal wall, regional anesthesia is often used, since the local mobility of this structure decreases during surgery. There are also recommendations to use regional anesthesia after interventions on an umbilical hernia, since pain reduction, as well as accelerated healing, prevents the development of complications such as hernia abscess and infectious diseases such as colitis, pleurisy, perimeter. An example of a possible application feature is the possibility of blocking the conduction of a pain impulse under visual control during operations in ophthalmology, that is, local anesthesia of the eyes and tissues around them. It is necessary to avoid spreading to the optic nerve, since if it is damaged, visual impairment may occur. Ophthalmic anesthetic differs little from general surgical anesthetic; it differs only in composition, since it must have a less irritating effect, but this same circumstance lengthens the time the drugs remain in the eye cavity. Therefore, in practice, a combination of intraosseous and parabulbar anesthesia is often used.