Choroiditis

Choroiditis is an inflammatory disease of the choroid of the eye. Choroiditis can occur as an independent disease or in combination with inflammation of the iris and ciliary body, which is called uveitis. Most cases of choroiditis develop in one eye, but it can affect both eyes at the same time.

Choroiditis comes in several types: focal and multifocal. Focal choroiditis is characterized by inflammation of a small area of ​​the choroid, while multifocal choroiditis involves multiple areas of the choroid. Depending on which parts of the choroid are affected, choroiditis can manifest itself with various symptoms. However, common to all types of choroiditis is blurred vision.

Choroiditis is not painful, but can cause other symptoms such as changes in the color of the pupil, floating shadows in front of the eyes, and a feeling of pressure in the eye. If you have such symptoms, you should consult an ophthalmologist.

Choroiditis can be caused by a variety of causes, including infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and toxic exposures. Treatment for choroiditis depends on its type and cause. In some cases, drug therapy can be dispensed with; in other cases, anti-inflammatory drugs may be required.

Overall, choroiditis is a serious condition that can lead to vision impairment. Therefore, it is important to promptly consult an ophthalmologist and follow his recommendations for treatment and prevention of possible complications.

***Chorioiditis*** is an inflammation of the choroid of the eyeball, which can lead to various vision problems. This condition usually occurs in adults and rarely in children. In this article we will talk about the causes of choroiditis, its symptoms and treatment.

Causes of choroiditis. The condition of choroiditis can be caused by many factors. Some are associated with infections, such as viral infections or infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Other causes may be related to allergic reactions or autoimmune diseases. Injuries to the eyeball can also cause choroiditis. Choroiditis can occur differently depending on the cause that caused these changes, as well as on the severity of the pathological process. According to the type of clinical manifestations, the choroid can be diffuse and focal. The diffuse form of the choroid is characterized by uniform involvement of all parts of the choroid in the process, visually manifested by swelling, decreased visual acuity, and the presence of white or gray visual disturbance. The results of ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy may be normal or altered. The phenomenon of clouding in the center of the pupil lasts from several hours to several days. A biopsy is advisable over time. Preference is given to transillumination (light penetration through opaque tissues without loss of light intensity). Immune cell deposits are deposited periretinal: along the entire subvascular region and behind it; in the peripapillary and perichoroidal region. Electron microscopy revealed the same types of leukocytes as in uveitis and iridocyclitis. The use of atropine, homatropine, mydriatics and miotics stimulates the iris, increases the production of AChE in the ciliary processes and causes extravasation of fluid, reducing the volume of the vitreous body. Such treatment may reverse the progression of choroiditis and reduce its impact on vision. Repeated recommendation of a course of mydriatic therapy is useful and will delay the severe progression of the choroidal process. It is possible to use hormones, glucocorticosteroids, and corticosteroids, which reduce swelling, exudation and increased ICP and intracranial pressure, and also help normalize the immunological response. The use of VMP has positive consequences, such as a decrease in the amount of exudate and precipitates, choroidal inflammation and injection of vessels in the form of a mesh. For local treatment, the use of solutions of aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, betalocaine is indicated; if the use of VBP or VMP is indicated, it is recommended to use predominantly needles with small holes or aerated systems. Various methods of using fetal serum have been described: after

Chorioides

**Chorioiditis** is a sluggish, undetermined inflammation of the posterior segment of the eye (choroid), which is accompanied by damage to the vessels of this membrane (venules), as well as the inner membrane of the fundus (choroid). External eye syndrome (main complaints) with choroiditis - decreased visual acuity during moderate work at close range, blurred and hazy vision, occasional loss of the central field. Characteristic is a central scotoma with a unilateral location, caused by local retinal edema. From the point of view of Parakkos A.V., the frequent localization of posterior uveitis is the same as the anterior one - the anterior ciliary nerve and the posterior part of the transitional ciliary nerve. One of the causative agents of chorioretinitis may be cytomegalovirus. According to ICD-10, the disease has code 44.1. An ophthalmologist deals with the treatment and prevention of choriocystitis. In the absence of timely treatment, the development of a choroidal abscess and the appearance of secondary glaucoma with loss of visual functions are possible. In the presence of extraocular symptoms, differential diagnosis should be made with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), closed-angle glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, metastatic lesions (malignant neoplasm, chorionepithelioma). As a rule, treatment of chorioretinitis begins with the prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, dipivanol, flucinar gel, as well as oral anticoagulants (heparin, low molecular weight heparin drugs). But sometimes the use of antibacterial drugs is required. The main methods for diagnosing choriorrhea are examination of the fundus with and without a wide pupil, ophthalmoscopy using a microscope with direct magnification. Today, the diagnosis of chorioretiovitis is reliable if at least one sign is present: * the presence of light reflux; * traction state of the choroid; * intense mesh hemorrhage; * dense structure of choriocapillaris. X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound diagnostics are necessary to assess the condition of the internal structures of the eye when they are damaged, clarify the size of the lesion, and identify signs of “occlusion” of the optic veins; determination of a specific choroidal process (ultrasound is the most informative); biomicroophthalmoscopy to assess the condition of the central zone of the macula. The radioisotope method allows you to obtain the most accurate information about the presence of inflammation of the vascular membranes; their differentiated density, size, and contours are assessed.