Hemoglobin D

Hemoglobin D: abnormal hemoglobin causing a mild form of hemolytic anemia

Hemoglobin D (HbD) is an abnormal hemoglobin that differs from the most common type of hemoglobin A by the substitution of glutamic acid in the beta chain at position 121 with glutamine. HbD usually does not cause any symptoms, but when there is a high level of this hemoglobin in the body, especially in homozygous people, a mild form of hemolytic anemia can develop.

Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which a person has increased destruction of red blood cells, which can lead to moderate to severe anemia. People with the homozygous HbD/HbD genotype (i.e., both HbD genes) may have more red blood cell destruction than people with the heterozygous HbD/HbA genotype (i.e., one HbD gene and one HbA gene). However, in most cases, hemolytic anemia caused by HbD is mild and does not require special treatment.

HbD is not usually a clinically significant hemoglobin and its presence does not require special diagnosis or treatment. However, if a high level of HbD is detected in the blood, additional testing may be required to exclude other forms of hemolytic anemia.

In general, hemoglobin D is a rare type of hemoglobin that usually does not cause serious problems. However, in rare cases, if there is a high level of HbD in the body, a mild form of hemolytic anemia may develop, which may require additional examination and monitoring by doctors.

Title: "Hemoglobin-d: mechanism of occurrence, symptoms and treatment"

An important question in life. Hemoglobin D. Brief information.

Hemoglobin-D, with rare exceptions, is a genetic defect in human blood that affects the most important mechanisms for human life.

According to medical statistics, the incidence of genetic blood abnormalities involving abnormal hemoglobin in humans varies from 1 in 30 to 1 in a million, depending on geographic location. As a rule, a greater number of such cases have been recorded in Asian countries, among the Jewish population, as well as among Irish citizens. In most parts of the world, the more common hemoglobin D subtype, called Hb-O. People with altered allele codes often experience disorders of the respiratory and circulatory systems - the most severe of which, in the completely recessive form, are deadly and often incurable. Thanks to regular medical examinations and thorough medical examinations, the survival rate with lung disease and hematopoietic disorders has been slightly increased. Diagnosis of a severe form of the disease is a lottery that does not depend on the wishes of the patients. It is important to know that the transition of homozygotes with the HbO → HbD subtype usually occurs in utero at the very beginning of embryonic development during active hematopoiesis. This reveals the existence of anemia associated with progressive anemia of the hematopoietic organs. Parents may exhibit various diseases of the cardiovascular system of varying severity - it is quite possible that they are inherited by their offspring, or more precisely, by two out of three patients of different sexes (one infant). It is indisputable that in adults, such abnormal hemoglobin in the vast majority of carriers and recipients leads to disruption of the functioning of many “systems” of the body - circulatory, respiratory, nervous and cardiovascular. To maintain a satisfactory quality of life, you should understand the following question: “How to protect your family from this disaster?” As for treatment, at the moment the most effective drugs that allow you to cope in a short time with the problem of red blood cell deficiency in genetic HbD are synthetic high-energy compounds - “Epoetin-beta”, “Erythropoietin alpha”, “Hypoxen”, as well as natural protein analogues — “Liposome iron preparation.” Many of these drugs can not only affect the increase in the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood, but also lead to dramatic