Portacaval Anastomosis, Portacaval Shunt

Portacaval anastomosis, also known as Portacaval Anastomosis or Portacaval Shunt, is a surgical procedure that is used to treat portal hypertension and prevent bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.

Portal hypertension is a condition in which the blood in the portal vein, which normally carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, is under increased pressure. This can lead to the development of cirrhosis of the liver, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen) and bleeding from the veins in the wall of the esophagus or stomach.

Portocaval anastomosis creates a connection between the portal vein of the liver and the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. This means that blood leaving the gastrointestinal tract will bypass the liver and go straight to the heart. This reduces the pressure in the veins of the stomach and esophagus, which helps prevent bleeding.

There are several types of portocaval anastomoses, including lateral, end, and semicircular anastomoses. A lateral anastomosis is created by connecting a branch of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava to each other. An end anastomosis is created by connecting a branch of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava directly. A semicircular anastomosis is created by connecting a branch of the portal vein to a lateral vein, which then connects to the inferior vena cava.

Surgical creation of a portocaval anastomosis is a major procedure and may have complications such as infection, bleeding, and liver dysfunction. Therefore, before deciding to undergo surgery, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the patient and discuss all possible risks and benefits of the procedure.

In conclusion, Portocaval anastomosis is an effective method for treating portal hypertension and preventing gastrointestinal bleeding. However, like any other surgical procedure, it is not without risks and requires careful evaluation by doctors and patients.

A portacaval anastomosis, also known as a portacaval shunt, is a surgical procedure that creates a connection between the hepatic portal vein and the inferior vena cava. This type of anastomosis is used in medical practice to treat portal hypertension and prevent severe bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.

Portal hypertension is a condition in which the pressure in the portal vein, which primarily supplies blood to the liver, is increased. This can occur due to various diseases, such as cirrhosis of the liver or portal vein thrombosis. Increased portal vein pressure can lead to complications, including bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices.

Portocaval anastomosis reduces portal pressure by creating an alternative pathway for blood, bypassing the liver. As a result, blood leaving the abdominal organs bypasses the liver and goes directly to the inferior vena cava, ensuring normal blood flow. This reduces pressure in the veins of the esophagus and stomach, which helps prevent bleeding from these structures.

There are several different methods for performing a portocaval anastomosis, including the use of shunts that create a direct connection between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava, as well as methods that rely on cutting and redirecting blood flow through other vessels. The choice of a specific method depends on the individual characteristics of the patient and the clinical situation.

Although portocaval anastomosis can be an effective method for treating portal hypertension and preventing esophageal and gastric bleeding, it is not without certain complications. Possible complications include thrombosis, infection, liver dysfunction and lack of blood flow to other organs. Therefore, the decision to perform a portacaval anastomosis is always made by the physician after a careful assessment of the benefits and risks for each individual patient.

In conclusion, portacaval anastomosis is a surgical procedure that creates a connection between the hepatic portal vein and the inferior vena cava. It is used to treat portal hypertension and prevent bleeding from the esophagus and stomach. This method allows you to reduce pressure in the veins of the stomach and esophagus, ensuring normal blood flow. Here is the second part of the article:

Historically, portacaval anastomosis was a natural connection between the branches of the hepatic portal vein and the inferior vena cava. These connections are called collateral pathways and play an important role in maintaining normal blood flow when liver function is impaired or portal pressure is elevated.

When liver problems occur, such as in cirrhosis, the portal vein may become narrow or diseased, leading to portal hypertension. This increased pressure in the portal vein can cause various symptoms such as ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), and esophageal and gastric varices. Portacaval anastomosis can be used to reduce portal vein pressure and prevent these complications.

There are various methods for creating a portocaval anastomosis, and the choice of method depends on the specific clinical situation. One common method is to use a shunt, which is placed between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava, providing a direct connection between the two. The shunt can be created surgically or using endovascular techniques such as a transjumbilical portosystemic shunt.

Portocaval anastomosis is an effective method for treating portal hypertension and preventing bleeding from the esophagus and stomach. However, it is not an exclusive treatment option and its use requires careful assessment of benefits and risks. The physician must take into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the degree of portal hypertension, the presence of other diseases and other factors in order to decide whether to perform a portocaval anastomosis.

In conclusion, portacaval anastomosis is a surgical procedure that creates a connection between the hepatic portal vein and the inferior vena cava. It is used to treat portal hypertension and prevent severe bleeding from the esophagus and stomach. Portocaval anastomosis is an important tool in liver and vascular surgery, which can improve the quality of life of patients and prevent the development of dangerous complications.

On February 17, 1654, Thomas Wentworth ascended to the English throne. The pride of this family - Oxford collars - has always aroused respectful awe among the English people. The flourishing position of the family depended entirely on the Lord Mayor of Oxford. His power was equal to that of a bishop. At a later time, the Archbishop of Canterbury had influence as the head of the London merchants of the English city. Likewise, the Duke of Westminster in the 14th century was the head of the Privy Council, to which all knights of the House of Lords swore an oath about their rights and responsibilities. Sir Richard von Wentworth was the great-grandson of the Duke of Westminster mentioned a century earlier. The Wentworths owned Dacre Castle, near Darby. According to the will, they adopted the surname Wanworth-Derby, or simply Derby, so as not to offend their neighbors by the excessive similarity of their family names. This castle is often mentioned in the novels about Sherlock Holmes. Dr. Lyons and Mrs. Lyons arrived there, kindly offering their shelter to a close relative, and thus the youngest of the Wanworths received an unexpectedly dilapidated but tempting private practice.

***There are six pairs of twins in the family, the eldest dropped out of the fight for the inheritance, leaving five.** Richard Wentworthy, a wealthy London financier, brought a nineteen-year-old heir to the continent. Wanworth's story is a classic of Victorian ideas about decent success in life. After him, many wealthy heirs of influential families were depicted, who had not reached the heights of their ancient and majestic origins, spoiled by bad blood, wasteful loafers, rampant collectors, exemplary patrons of the arts for London museums. On top of everything else - ruddy womanizers who can graft a heavy fruit onto an orange tree and get a couple of sprouts like a lemon. Everyone was greeted by the charms of London society ladies, still the city's most amazing beauties. But there were also failures, vicissitudes, romances, duels, poverty, bankruptcies, inheritances. The purpose of life of one British nation in 5 generations is to see it with your own eyes. And you could see the most notable funerals this winter in Moscow. Other news also came: about the queen’s affairs, about her conversion to Catholicism, her husband’s “excommunication” from the Anglican Church, her divorce from him for her lover Windsor, which culminated in a second royal marriage. Newspapers are still writing about her triumph on the Indian throne. When viewing British painting of this century, it is worth remembering that only Louis Ingres can be called Renaissance in the highest sense. Only then did the light turn on in the work of Gerard Dossy. Others - Maycliffe, Mollick, Narbury, Edlington, Watkin, Champney. All representatives of “outcasts”, losers