Salmonella Enteritidis

Salmonella enteritidis is a bacterium from the group of pathogenic microbes that can cause intestinal infections in humans and animals. It belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, genus Salmonella and is one of the most common pathogens of typhoid fever. Salmonella enteritidis looks like a thin rod about 3-4 micrometers long. Bacteria can live in the body of a person or animal for months or even years without causing illness. In most cases, a person becomes infected by eating meat, milk or eggs that have been infected with this bacterium. Infection can also occur through contaminated water or soil. Clinical manifestations of Salmonella enteridtis infection range from mild malaise to severe diarrhea and fever. The illness lasts from several days to several weeks. Symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and other signs of toxicity. If left untreated, the infection can lead to serious complications such as peritonitis, intestinal perforation, sepsis and death.

Diagnosis of infection usually includes stool testing for the presence of Salmonella spp. bacteria, as well as serological tests. To detect bacterial antigen, a complement fixation test (RCS) is used, in which human serum reacts with the Salmonella antigen. Treatment of infection includes taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, rehydration, and restoring electrolyte balance in the body. In severe cases, hospitalization and hemodialysis may be required.

Prevention of Salmonella infections involves practicing good hygiene when preparing food and keeping the kitchen clean, waste disposal and good hygiene.