Cardiac Beat Apical

Apical cardiac impulse (Vitala Punctio Apicalis or I.S.Apicalis - lat. I,S.Apicalis): *Apical cardiac impulse systolic impulse is most distinct (tapping behind the chest, in the sixth and seventh intercostal spaces), best determined by pressing with a stethoscope in places of projection of the heart with a relative approach to the anterior surface of the chest.* **This is all from the dissertation of K.I. Testov.**

This is a functional test used only to assess the condition of the upper chambers of the heart. The principle is to compare the time of passage of the cardiac impulse to the apex of the heart with the amount of time delay due to the elasticity of the pericardium and the lower ventricle. The transit time of the signal from the lower part of the heart is easily determined as a couplet accent in stages II and VI, so that it is located in the region of the same signal amplitude as the septal accent. Measuring the time delay between the septal (trishyme) pulse or appiloseptal pulses allows us to determine the upper-median voltage. Upper-middle pressure is the ratio of apical systolic pressure and septal pressure.

The following signs were noted that were found on the scanogram during the action of cardiac impulses: a) couplet accent in stages III and IV after the QRS complex (at the bottom of the heart). b) septal three-line impulses (above the diaphragm). c) appillary couplet impulse (very often observed at a speed level of 0.4 m/s). d) sometimes the lower part of the heart can be at the level of septal stress if the load is reduced during this period. These signs can hardly be explained not only by the unevenness of contractility, but also by the fact that the slow movement of the impulse leads to a relative delay in the entire process. It is more likely that the fast systolic impulse originating through the diaphragm is delayed and delayed by the depolarization of the heart wall and impairs the ability of the process of polarization of the upper end, so that the septal impulses are the last reflection of the rapid transmission processes in the ventricles. e) topographic change in cardiac anatomy: higher position of the thyroid gland, rounded upward, sternum or mitral valve insufficiency increases the distance from the xiphoid process to the esophagus and myocardial spatial velocity. This leads