Bleeding Internal

Bleeding internally

Effusion of blood into the lumen of an anatomical cavity or hollow organ due to mechanical damage to arterial or venous trunks, vascular arrosion, or rupture of an aneurysm.

Gastrointestinal bleeding. In 85% of cases, the source of bleeding is localized in the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, in 14% in the colon and in 1% in the small intestine.

Bleeding from the upper digestive tract can be caused by peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum (68%), varicose veins of the esophagus and cardia of the stomach (12%), erosive gastritis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, polyps, cancerous tumors, etc. (20 %). In the small and large intestine, bleeding can be caused by diverticula of the small and large intestine, polyps, cancer, sarcoma, angioma, fibroids, carcinoid, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rupture of aortic or mesenteric aneurysms, thrombosis and embolism of the mesenteric vessels.

With varicose veins of the esophagus and cardia, a sharp increase in pressure and erosion of the mucous membrane play a role in the occurrence of bleeding. The cause of erosion is often reflux esophagitis. To prevent recurrent bleeding, systematic intake of nitrates is necessary.

Bleeding from a peptic ulcer is most often localized in the duodenum and is diagnosed during emergency fibrogastroduodenoscopy. Treatment includes endoscopic hemostasis; if ineffective, surgical intervention.

Mallory-Weiss syndrome is manifested by massive vomiting of blood after drinking alcohol or eating a large meal. The diagnosis is clarified endoscopically, and it is often possible to stop the bleeding.

Bleeding into the abdominal cavity occurs due to organ injuries, aneurysms, etc. Treatment is surgical with simultaneous anti-shock treatment.

Pulmonary bleeding is observed in diseases of the lungs, heart, and tumors. Treatment includes bronchoscopy, radiography, and anti-shock measures.

External bleeding is assessed by the nature, speed and caliber of the vessel. To temporarily stop, use a tourniquet, twisting, or finger pressure. The final stop is ligation or plastic surgery of the vessel.