Nephroblastoma, Wilms Tumor

Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor, is a malignant kidney tumor that mainly occurs in children. Although it is considered a rare congenital disease, the development of this tumor in children over the age of eight is extremely rare.

One of the main symptoms of nephroblastoma is an increase in the size of the abdomen. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, signs of partial intestinal obstruction, and dilated veins in the anterior abdominal wall. It is important to note that these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, so an accurate diagnosis can only be made after further medical testing.

Treatment of nephroblastoma is complex and may include several methods. The main procedure is nephrectomy, that is, removal of the entire diseased kidney. In some cases, surrounding lymph nodes may also be removed. After surgery, radiation therapy may be given to kill any remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence. In addition, cytotoxic drugs are often used to shrink the tumor before surgery and destroy remaining cancer cells.

In recent years, significant advances have been made in the treatment of nephroblastoma thanks to the use of new cytotoxic drugs. These drugs help improve patient outcomes and survival. A combination of surgery, radiation therapy and cytotoxic drugs can effectively combat this tumor and achieve positive results.

It is important to note that treatment of nephroblastoma should be carried out in specialized medical centers with experienced specialists in the field of pediatric oncology. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment play an important role in the prognosis and survival of patients with nephroblastoma.

In conclusion, Nephroblastoma, Wilms Tumour, is a rare malignant disease that mainly occurs in children. The symptoms of this tumor can vary, and an accurate diagnosis requires additional research. Treatment of nephroblastoma includes nephrectomy, radiation therapy, and the use of cytotoxic drugs. Modern treatment methods are achieving significant improvements in prognosis and survival of patients. Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor, is a malignant kidney tumor that is mainly diagnosed in children. Although it is a rare congenital disorder, the chance of developing nephroblastoma in children over eight years of age is extremely low.

One of the main symptoms of nephroblastoma development is an increase in the size of the abdomen. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, signs of partial intestinal obstruction, and dilated veins in the anterior abdominal wall. It is important to note that these symptoms are not always specific to nephroblastoma and may also indicate other conditions, so a thorough medical examination is required to make an accurate diagnosis.

Complex treatment of nephroblastoma includes several approaches. The main treatment method is surgical removal of the tumor (nephrectomy). In some cases, surrounding lymph nodes may need to be removed. After surgery, radiation therapy may be given to kill any remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence. In addition, cytotoxic drugs can be used before surgery to reduce tumor size and kill cancer cells.

In recent years, significant advances have been made in the treatment of nephroblastoma thanks to the use of new cytotoxic drugs. These drugs help reduce the size of the tumor and improve the results of surgical removal. A combination of surgery, radiation therapy and cytotoxic drugs allows one to achieve the best results in the treatment of nephroblastoma.

It is important to note that treatment of nephroblastoma should be carried out in specialized medical centers with experienced oncologists specializing in pediatric oncology. Early diagnosis and timely treatment play an important role in the prognosis and survival of patients with nephroblastoma.

In conclusion, Nephroblastoma, Wilms Tumour, is a rare malignant disease that usually occurs in children. Early diagnosis, surgery, radiation therapy and cytotoxic drugs are the main components of successful treatment. Modern treatment methods significantly increase the chances of recovery and improve the prognosis for children with

Nephroblastoma malignant tumor is located predominantly in the upper part of the kidneys, since it is in this part that the embryonic organ, which is the precursor of the adult nephron, is located. Tumors are located both singly and in complexes; each tumor consists of a set of structural units – nephrons. The size of the tumor during the growth period can vary from insignificant to extremely large. In addition, they can be located either singly or in multiples. As the tumor develops, the patient may experience severe pain in the abdominal area, which intensifies as the disease progresses. The size of the patient's abdomen increases due to tumor growth. Her treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy and cytotoxic therapy. Surgery involves removing all tumor tissue. Postoperative therapy includes radiation and cytotoxic drugs to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. Radical removal of the tumor along with part of the healthy tissue can lead to the formation of an additional urinary apparatus. In case of cancer cell growth, cytotoxic drugs are prescribed. The cystoscopic picture has several variations: elements of the neoplasm penetrate the renal pelvis and ureter or cover most of the renal mass, but do not reach its internal contour.

**Nephroblastoma, or Wilms tumor,** is also known as a kidney tumor in children. It was first described by the German surgeon Ludwig Wilms in 1870. This is a rare tumor that arises in utero from nephrogenic cells of the metanephrogenic blastema of the kidneys. Due to the recoil, it is quite difficult to diagnose.

The most dangerous role in the formation of this tumor is played by a mutation in the WT1 gene. The mutation is followed by the ability of cells to clonal growth: the number of growing tumor cells begins to exceed the normal norm, and their growth determines the body’s ability to self-heal (which is normally very high). A growth factor that somehow gains access to tumor cells acquires the power of a stimulus.

In 1963, a group of geneticists and oncologists led by Hoffman went to Detroit to conduct a series of studies, the main object of which was the human fetus. They found that some tumors in infants at autopsy were identical to some tumors in fetuses in the womb. In 1975 they made a discovery that turned