Sulfonamides (Sulfadimezin, Norsulfazole, Etazol, Sulfadimethoxine, Biseptol, etc.)

Sulfonamides (Sulfadimezin, Norsulfazole, Etazol, Sulfadimethoxine, Biseptol, etc.) are a group of antibacterial drugs widely used in medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. However, in addition to their positive properties, sulfonamides can have a negative effect on the human body.

Selective nephrotoxicity is one of the most serious side effects of sulfonamides. This means they can harm the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney failure. In addition, sulfonamides can cause hematotoxicity, that is, they can harm the blood, leading to changes in its composition and properties.

Mild sulfonamide poisoning may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness and weakness. However, in severe poisoning, sulfhemoglobin and methemoglobin can form, which leads to the appearance of severe cyanosis. The development of agranulocytosis and necrotizing tonsillitis is also possible.

Acute renal failure (oliguria, azotemia) can develop with repeated intake of large doses of sulfonamides (over 10 g) against the background of reduced diuresis and acidic urine (crystalluria). Allergic reactions may also be observed when taking therapeutic doses.

Treatment of sulfonamide poisoning should be prompt and include measures to manage side effects. When taking large doses of sulfonamides, it is necessary to lavage the stomach through a tube and use a saline laxative.

It is also recommended to carry out forced diuresis with blood alkalization (sodium bicarbonate 10-20 g orally). In case of severe intoxication, early hemodialysis may be required.

To eliminate allergic reactions in case of sulfonamide poisoning, you can use Diphenhydramine (1 ml of 1% solution) and calcium chloride (10 ml of 10% solution) intravenously. For methemoglobinemia, it is recommended to use Aniline.

Additionally, to correct the blood composition, Ascorbic acid (10 ml of 5% solution) and cyanocobalamin (up to 600 mcg) intramuscularly can be prescribed. Perinephric novocaine blockade and treatment of acute renal failure may also be required.

In general, sulfonamides are effective antibacterial drugs, but their use must be cautious and supervised by a physician. It is necessary to follow the recommendations for dosage and duration of use, and also monitor the patient’s condition during treatment. If any side effects occur, you should consult a doctor to adjust the treatment.