Amyloid

Amyloidosis is a disease associated with the deposition in tissues and organs of characteristic fibrillar, cytoplasmic or intracellular amyloid. Amyloid is found in patients with both hereditary and acquired diseases. It consists of “wrong” proteins that do not have the necessary functions in the human body. The deposition of amyloid inside cells leads to various diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyloidosis of the heart, kidneys and other organs.

Scientists from all over the world are studying this disease in order to understand why this particular protein is deposited in cells, and what ways can be used to prevent its formation. Among the biological mechanisms of amyloidosis development, the synthesis of an abnormal protein, the fibrillinogen precursor (pro-F), is especially important. Fibrillogens of amyloid protein deposits tend to form aggregates consisting of fibrils; insoluble complex formations are formed during their storage in an ultracentrifuge. These inclusions resemble the structure of a fiber. It is assumed that fibrillogens are formed during the enzymatic modification of high molecular weight proteins. In the case of genetic disorders of one of the genes responsible for protein synthesis, fibrial aggregates appear in excess and occupy a significant place intracellularly. This leads to the replacement of a normal cell containing its own fibrinogen with cells with abnormal proteins - fibrils. Fibrin components, formed in excess quantities, accumulate in the organ and form amyloid deposits. In the bone marrow, liver, kidneys, spleen and brain, amyloidin fibrillar protein deposits are formed, detected in the form of granular accumulations of light, irregularly shaped masses; stained darkly with acid and alcohol hematoxylin