Menisci Joint

Articular menisci: functions and problems

The menisci of the knee joint are important elements that ensure the normal functioning of the joint. They are paired semilunar cartilages located between the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia. The menisci serve several functions, including shock absorption, improved joint lubrication, improved joint stability, and reduced risk of injury.

However, the menisci can be subject to various types of injuries that can lead to damage or tearing. A torn meniscus can occur as a result of a sharp turn of the leg, a strong blow to the knee, or severe stress on the knee joint. When a meniscus ruptures, significant pain occurs in the joint; the joint increases in size due to blood accumulated in it.

For a torn meniscus, first aid consists of applying a pressure bandage to the knee joint and a splint to the thigh and lower leg. The victim must be taken to a doctor immediately. After the acute symptoms of a meniscus tear disappear, as a rule, residual effects of the injury remain: some instability in the knee joint, and “blockades” of the joint periodically occur.

To eliminate the residual effects of the injury, surgery is usually required - removal of the damaged meniscus. The indications and timing of the operation can only be determined by a doctor, depending on the degree of painful changes in the knee joint. If the doctor suggests surgical treatment, it should not be postponed, since the limited range of motion in the knee joint that occurs due to a meniscus tear contributes to the development of atrophy of the muscles of the anterior surface of the thigh, especially the quadriceps muscle.

After surgery, persistent muscle training should be carried out as directed by your doctor. In addition to gymnastics, massage of the thigh muscles and regular crawl swimming (working in the water with straight legs) are very useful. Prevention of a meniscus tear consists of maintaining the highest overall muscle tone in the body, daily exercise, regular exercise, training the thigh muscles, and using knee pads or an elastic bandage during competitions.

Diseases of the menisci are much less common than injuries and are usually a local manifestation of general diseases of the joints, for example, deforming arthrosis, in which there is a loss of elasticity of the menisci, sometimes ossification. Cartilaginous formations similar in function to the menisci of the knee joint in other joints are called discs (in the wrist joint, clavicle joints, lower jaw joint). They are damaged extremely rarely, usually due to dislocations.

In addition to meniscus tears, there are other problems associated with these structures. For example, the menisci can become irritated and inflamed, which can lead to pain and discomfort in the knee joint. In addition, a damaged meniscus can lead to the development of arthrosis, which is characterized by the gradual destruction of the cartilage tissue of the joint.

To prevent knee meniscal problems, it is recommended to maintain general health and physical fitness, including regular exercise and muscle strengthening exercises. It is also important to avoid sudden and incorrect movements, especially when playing sports.

In conclusion, the knee meniscus plays an important role in the normal functioning of the joint. However, these structures are susceptible to various types of injuries and problems that can lead to serious consequences. If you experience pain in the knee joint, you should consult a doctor who will conduct a diagnosis and determine the need for surgery or other treatment.