Pleural empyema Postpneumonic

Pleural empyema after pneumonia: causes, treatment and prognosis

Empyema pleural disease is an infectious and inflammatory lesion of the pleural cavity that can occur after a primary acute bacterial infection of the affected lung. In other words, pleural empyema occurs after previous pneumonia. In most cases, pleural empyema occurs in patients with concomitant lung diseases (for example, chronic bronchitis, obstructive pulmonary disease), chronic cardiovascular pathologies, digestive and urinary systems.

**Etiopathogenesis of empyema** An important reason for the development of empyema of the pleural space after previously suffering pneumonia is the activation of opportunistic microflora of microorganisms, which are contained in the upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract, in particular in the oral cavity. The criterion for the activation of microorganisms is intoxication with infectious poisons or decay products of lung tissue and pleural layers due to pneumonia. The intensity of growth of microorganisms and their metabolic products depends on the form of the pneumonia disease, while highly toxic (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes) and less pathogenic (Escherichia coli, Candida albicans) microorganisms can cause pneumonia

Every year more and more people suffer from lung disease - pneumonia. It is an inflammation of the lung tissue. However, if such a disease develops, pneumonia already becomes chronic, which can lead to serious complications, one of which may be the formation of a “plug” in the lungs - empyema.

Empyema occurs when small blood vessels inside the lungs burst. Infection and bacteria from unhealthy lung tissues penetrate even deeper. A purulent plug forms inside the chest, often interfering with free breathing.

Introduction

Empyema is a pus-filled or inflammatory effusion-filled pocket in the pleura—the serous lining of the lungs and mediastinum. It can be caused by various reasons - for example, the penetration of infection from the lung or trachea into the pleural cavity through an opening in the diaphragm, which is called the phrenic sinus. It is possible that infection can enter through other openings in the pleural wall, such as through an injury or an incision during a thoracotomy (open heart surgery). Surgeries for cancer or after organ transplantation can lead to pleural empyema as a complication. The disease may begin

One of the ways to separate pus from an infectious origin in the lung is the formation of an abscess, when the purulent solution is isolated from the bulk of the lung tissue. Over time, it usually breaks out, but sometimes areas of incomplete rupture of the purulent cavity remain. Such symptoms are characteristic of pleural empyema.

If the pleural membrane is involved in the inflammatory process in the lung, the pleural empyema that develops is called post-pneumatic, or secondary. Typically, postpneumonic empyema occurs 3-5 days after the development of pneumonia and is a consequence of insufficient evacuation of pus or its insufficiency. Va