In bacteria

Bacterides are complex proteins consisting of two or more non-covalently linked components - structural fragments of molecules that are different or similar in structure. They are present in the cells of almost all living organisms: plants, animals, humans. Bacterides are also called preparations that form these proteins or contain them.

The structural fragments of bacterids are necessarily polypeptides or polynucleotides. All structural fragments have primary, secondary and tertiary structures. When secondary, tertiary or quaternary structures appear, the polypeptide chains of bacterids are phosphorylated, sulfated, glycosylated, etc. The primary structure of a bacterid is determined by the sequence of alternating bonds of amino acid residues. The secondary structure is usually an α-helix, represented by a single polypeptide chain. Tertiary - in the form of a complex of polymer polypeptide chains connected in space as a result of the interaction of various polypeptides with each other or with monosaccharides and other molecules. The quaternary structure is formed by aggregates of polymer chains.

Bacterides can form antibiotics with bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects. The important role of bacterides is that they ensure the intracellular accumulation of biologically active substances (BAS) in the bacterial cell. For example, the tetracycline molecule is a structural fragment of a bacterid (12.6 p), providing the bacterial spectrum of action of this antibiotic; the molecular complex of aminoglycosides (staminan, gentamicin), called a peptide, is involved in the formation of bacitracins. Animal hormones (estrogen, progesterone, folliculin, adrenaline), protamine (alamine, active at pH >4) are necessary for the formation of peptide biologically active substances - heparin, angiotensin, corticosteroids, antidiuretic hormone, lipocaine, prostaglandins, and affect membrane effects, chemical metabolic reactions nucleocytes and specific functions of immunophysiological and biological systems. Leukocyte factors (fibrinolysin, methylglycine - thrombin) are attached to the plasma protein - lysozyme - regulating their fibrin hydrolase activity and