Hemorrhagic Vasculitis

Hemorrhagic vasculitis

Hemorrhagic vasculitis (synonyms: anaphylactic purpura, capillary toxicosis, Henoch-Schönlein disease) is a systemic lesion of small blood vessels, manifested by a polymorphic hemorrhagic rash on the skin and mucous membranes, as well as damage to internal organs.

The etiology of the disease is not completely clear. The role of acute and chronic infections, as well as toxic-allergic factors, such as taking certain medications, vaccinations, and eating certain foods (eggs, fish, milk), is assumed.

In pathogenesis, increased permeability of the vascular wall under the influence of toxic substances is important. The role of immune factors is also assumed - the deposition of immune complexes in the vascular wall and immunodeficiency.

Clinically, the disease usually begins acutely, often against the background of a previous infection. A characteristic symptom is the appearance of a hemorrhagic rash on the skin, localized mainly on the lower extremities and having a symmetrical nature. Damage to the skin of the torso, face, and upper extremities is also possible. Skin itching and paresthesia are noted.

Frequent manifestations are abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea mixed with blood, renal failure in the form of hematuria and proteinuria.

Diagnostics includes general and biochemical blood tests, examination of the hemostasis system, and immunological examination.

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the possible infectious agent (antibiotics), suppressing allergic reactions (antihistamines), reducing vascular permeability (ascorbic acid, heparin). In severe cases, glucocorticoids are used.

The prognosis depends on the severity of damage to internal organs and is usually favorable if adequate treatment is started in a timely manner.